Anthropometric Measurements as Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors Did Not Associate with Echocardiography Determinants in Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) are risk factors for cardiovascular events. Anthropometric measurements are considered as independent risk factors for these events. This study aimed to assess the link between anthropometric measurements that are considered as risk factors for cardiovascular events and echocardiography determinants in T2D. A total number of 50 T2D patients (20 males and 30 females) with a median age of 58.8 years were included in this study. Anthropometric measurements that related to the cardio-metabolic risk factors were determined. These included height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, neck circumference and mid thigh. Echocardiography investigation using B-mode (2‑4 MHz frequency) was established. The following echocardiography data were obtained: shortening fraction (%), stroke volume (ml), ejection fraction (%) end systolic volume (ml) end diastolic volume (ml), left ventricular posterior wall (systole). Left ventricular function assessed by measuring E/A ratio using pulse wave Doppler. Forty seven (94%) patients have value of BMI 32.5 kg/m² and 64% have waist circumference ≥ 102 cm. Low mid-thigh and high neck circumferences were found in 88% and 72% respectively. Echocardiography data showed the patients have the lower limit of normal ejection fraction (%). Abnormal E/A ratio have been observed in 10% of cases. Ejection fraction, stroke volume, end systolic, and diastolic volume did not correlate with anthropometric measurements which are related to cardio-metabolic risk factors. Abnormal echocardiograph data in T2D are unlikely to be attributed to the impact of obesity or to the any anthropometric measurements that linked to cardio-metabolic risk factors.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, anthropometric measurements, echocardiography