In Vivo and In Vitro Antioxidative Efficacy of Naringenin on Cadmium -Induced Toxicity in Rats

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the in vivo circulating antioxidants level such as vitamin C, vitamin E and GSH in Cadmium (Cd) induced toxic rats and the protective efficacy of naringenin via in vitro free radical scavenging assays. In this investigation cadmium chloride (5 mg/kg body weight (b.w) was administered orally (p.o) for 28 days to induce toxicity. Naringenin was pre-administered orally (50 mg/kg body weight) for 28 days with cadmium chloride. The toxic effect of cadmium was indicated by significantly decreased activities of non-enzymatic antioxidants like reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E. Treatment with naringenin exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) increase in Cd-induced rats. The free radical scavenging properties of naringenin were investigated with different in vitro methods such as 2, 2¢-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•), 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical (ABTS•+), hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion scavenging activity and reducing power. In addition to that ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyl toluene was used as the reference antioxidant radical scavenger compounds. Among the different concentration, 500 μM of naringenin had significantly effective compared to other concentration in all in vitro assay. Based on these findings naringenin possess potent in vivo and in vitro antioxidant efficacy and also effective free radical scavenger, augmenting its therapeutic value.