Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems
Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems (JoCES) is an international e Journal focused towards the rapid publication of fundamental research papers on all areas of Communication Engineering & Systems . Focus and Scope Covers Mobile Computing Networking Technologies Communication Systems Intranets Enterprise Networks LANS, MANS, WANS Internet/ Telecommunications
Declaration and Copyright Transfer Form (to be completed by authors) I/ We, the undersigned author(s) of the manuscript entitled ‘______________’, hereby declare, that the above manuscript which is submitted for publication in the Journal, is not published already in part or whole (except in the form of abstract) in any journal or magazine for private or public circulation, and, is not under consideration of publication elsewhere. I/ We have read the final version of the manuscript and am/ are responsible for the thought contents embodied in it. The work dealt in the manuscript is my/ our own, and my/ our individual contribution to this work is significant enough to qualify for authorship. We also agree to the authorship of the article in the following order: Author’s name Signature (s) 1. ________________ 2. ________________ 3. ________________ 4. ________________
Deployment of Fi-Wi Networks Using Teaching Learning Based Optimization Algorithm
The demand of bandwidth and mobility to end users is ever increasing. For fulfilling this, fiber-wireless (Fi-Wi) networks are designed by integrating the advantages of optical and wireless networks. Optical networks offer high bandwidth and stability while wireless networks offer cost efficiency and mobility. With these advantages, Fi-Wi networks also offer some challenging issues. There are four key issues in Fi-Wi networks, that are ONU placement, routing, energy saving and survivability. Amongst them, ONU placement is one of the important issues, since ONU is interlink between the fiber technology and wireless technology. ONU transfers the upstream data from wireless to optical line terminal (OLT) and the downstream data from OLT to wireless routers. Lesser the number of ONUs in the network, more is the cost efficiency in that network. For the placement of ONUs, various optimization algorithms are designed and applied. In this paper, an efficient algorithm based on ‘Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO)’ is proposed for optimized placement of ONUs in Fi-Wi networks. The effectiveness of the method as compared to the other optimization methods is also explained. The proposed method is algorithm-specific parameter less method. Hence, different design variables do not affect the working of this method. It also results into reduced number of ONUs in Fi-Wi network. Cite this Article Uma Rathore Bhatt, Nitin Chouhan, Raksha Upadhyay et al. Deployment of Fi-Wi Networks Using Teaching Learning Based Optimization Algorithm. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2017; 7(2): 14–26p.
A New Framework for Optimal Hesitation Pattern Mining
In mathematical optimization, the firefly algorithm is a metaheuristic approach. It has been proposed by Xin-She Yang and inspired by the flashing behavior of fireflies. Proposed research used Firefly Algorithm for discovering the best Association rules. In this species, it is always the female who glows, and only the male has wings. In other species, Luciola lusitanica, both male and female firefly may emit light and both have wings. If a firefly is hungry or looks for a mate its light glows brighter in order to make the attraction of insects or mates more effective. Since the stored data are not always exact and precise, some means are required to handle this aspect of data and extract the useful information, (e.g., hesitation information) arising from such uncertainties. For this purpose vague set theory using Firefly Algorithm emerge as powerful tool will be applied to optimize the Association rule for efficiently modeling the uncertainties that occur in datasets. A new efficient approach is proposed for exploring high-quality association rules. The proposed approach is based on firefly algorithm, which is an optimization algorithm used in extracting Vague or Hesitant Information. In this approach, we initialize the population of firefly. Calculate the fitness of each firefly. If fitness of firefly (j) is greater than firefly (i) than firefly (i) move toward firefly (j). Calculate the intensity of firefly (i) and update light intensity of firefly (i). This iteration continues till maximum or desired condition occurs. Cite this Article Aditi Jain, Akhilesh Tiwari. A New Framework for Optimal Hesitation Pattern Mining. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2017; 7(2): 34–41p.
Terrorist activities worldwide has moved toward the advancement of different high-finished strategies for dissecting psychological militant gatherings and disrupting government systems. Existing examination found that social network analysis (SNA) is a standout amongst the best and persistent technique for countering fear mongering in interpersonal organizations. In this paper our approach is divided in two phases, in Phase 1 we apply shuffled frog leap algorithm (SFLA) for SNA in order to identify potential terrorist node by analyzing twitter real time data analysis and in phase 2 we use the output of phase 1 as input and generate influence of one node in all the others (n-1) node in node n network by applying node influencing metrics. The advantage of using node influencing metrics comparison to other centrality measures for node influence is that, it is independent of network topology. It can upgrade the capacity of SNA for giving element conduct of online interpersonal organizations. This paper plots an assortment of measures and systems utilized as a part of SNA for counter-psychological oppression exercises. Cite this Article Poorva Singhania, Akhilesh Tiwari. Terrorist Network Mining. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2017; 7(2): 42–52p.
An Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm for FiWi Access Network
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Fiber wireless access network is a promising access network due to provision of higher bandwidth, flexibility and ubiquity. One of the main challenges for a FiWi access network is to minimize energy consumption. In this network, there are many concerns like ONU placement, ONU sleep mechanisms, power saving mechanisms etc., which are accountable for achieving energy efficiency. Routing is another aspect at the front end of the network, which may contribute to bring energy efficiency. There are multiple paths from source to destination at front end; therefore selection of appropriate and energy efficient path is indispensable. This paper proposes an integrated routing algorithm, which finds the routes on the basis of distance and angle, for a single source destination pair. The route which consumes lesser energy is selected for communication. Results show that energy consumption is reduced using proposed algorithm as compared to existing approaches, while maintaining limited delay. Cite this Article Raksha Upadhyay, Uma Rathore Bhatt. An Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm for FiWi Access Network. 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A CPW Feed Compact UWB Antenna with Five Band Notches
A novel small CPW feed UWB antenna with five notch bands is projected to suppress the potential interferences in ultra-wide band systems. This projected antenna have a small dimensions of 30x32x1.6 mm3 and an operating bandwidth (VSWR<2) from 2.8 to 11.6 GHz. By introducing five U-shaped slots, five notches are achieved in WiMAX (3.1–4 GHz), WLAN (5–5.4 GHz and 5.7–5.9 GHz), X-band downlink (7.2–7.75 GHz), and ITU service band (8–8.4 GHz). The antenna is fabricated and simulated. Measured results show a good harmony with simulated results. In addition, the projected antenna has omnidirectional radiation patterns except notch bands; make it suitable for UWB applications. Cite this Article Ajeet Pratap Singh, Khanna R, Hardeep Singh. A CPW Feed Compact UWB Antenna with Five Band Notches. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2017; 7(2): 27–33p.
Improved Performance by Using k-means Clustering in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network
VANETs are formed by applying the principles of MANETs, in which all node, i.e., vehicles can pursue traffic law with high speed. VANETs support two types of communication: vehicle - to- vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to-infrastructure (V2I). Vehicles communicate to RSU for the exchange of keys for the security purpose and RSU communicate to Authentication Server (AS) for the formation of secret keys. But in existing work they perform nonsymmetric cryptography in which XOR operation is performed at authentication server which increases the size of key. In this paper we proposed a technique in which we form the cluster of vehicles then perform login for sending the data. Our results are shown in NS2 simulation which proves that the performance of network improves in terms of Throughput, Routing Overhead and Packet Delivery Ratio. Cite this Article Neha Jain, Krishna Kumar Joshi. Improved Performance by Using k-means Clustering in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2017; 7(1): 17–24p.
In modern era, conservation of energy is very important. It is even vital to reduce human efforts by making systems automatic and it also reduces cost of human labour. Automatic street lamp consists of main components like relay, transformer etc. Conservation of nonrenewable energy (electricity) is need of hour and this motive is being achieved by this projects. Street Light Control System which operates automatically is not only easiest but also the intelligent system. This system can be set to operate in automatic mode, which regulates the streetlight according to brightness and dimness. Cite this Article Pratik S. Sankhe, Ankit S. Sawant. Automatic Street Lamp. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2017; 7(1): 25–28p.
Performance Analysis of DWT Based OFDM System using SRRC Filter in Mobile Wimax over Fading Environment
Wavelets amid its capability to provide simultaneous information in both time and frequency domain, along with minimization of interference and improved bandwidth efficiency, is considered broadly as an efficient approach to replace fast Fourier transform (FFT) in the conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Efficient filter pulses are employed spectrally in such systems in order to mitigate the effect of inter-symbol interference (ISI) as well as satisfy the bandwidth limitations imposed by the multipath fading channels. In this paper, SRRC pulses are employed as transmit and receive filters to perform matched filtering in the wavelet based OFDM system of mobile worldwide interoperability for microwave access (Wimax) that facilitate to meet higher data rate demand along with reducing the probability of errors at the receiver. The physical layer performance of this simulated system is measured and compared in terms of bit error rate (BER) by varying signal to noise ratio (SNR) for different modulation techniques under wireless channel with realistic multipath fading and noisy conditions with path-loss model specifications in a semi-urban environment. The simulation outcome demonstrates significant improvement in BER which substantiates to enhance the performance of the physical layer in mobile Wimax under realistic environment conditions for various modulation schemes. Performance analysis by varying certain parameters of SRRC filter is also demonstrated to measure its comparative effectiveness. The simulation model is developed in MATLAB. Cite this Article Harpreet Kaur, Manoj Kumar, Ajay K. Sharma, Harjit P. Singh. Performance Analysis of DWT Based OFDM System using SRRC Filter in Mobile Wimax over Fading Environment. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2017; 7(1): 1–10p.
Wireless network in today’s era is increasing day by day, with the rising need of wireless connectivity the threat of attack on the Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is also increasing. MANET Routing protocols suffer from different kind of attacks on all the layers of protocol stack. One of such attack which occurs at network layer is Black Hole Attack [1]. Black hole attack is one of the security issues in MANET, in which the Traffic is redirected to such a node that actually does not exist in the network. This malicious node uses the Routing Protocol to advertise itself as having the shortest path to the node whose packet it want to intercept. Once intercepted malicious node attracts the packet towards it and discards the packet without informing the source that the data didn’t reach to the intended recipient. Previously, work done on the security issues in MANET were based on Reactive Routing Protocols like AODV, DSR etc. Aim of the study is to analyze the effect of black hole attack on Routing protocol and proposing the feasible solution for the same. Cite this Article Kapil Chaudhary, Md. Khwaza Meharban, Monu Singh. Black Hole Attack in MANET. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2017; 7(1): 29–31p.
Comprehensive Security Analysis of Federated Identity Management
Analyzing the security of FIdM is a challenging task, on one hand due to the various modes and options that the protocols provide, and on the other hand due to the inherent complexity of the web. A thorough understanding of the security vulnerabilities is required to remodel a stable and secure authentication system. In this paper the challenges and requirements of securing the exchange of information between enterprises have been reported. The goal of this work is to provide an in-depth security analysis of FIdM protocols. The major FIdM protocols SAML, OpenID and OAuth have been discussed. A narrative of the major security attacks and flaws in existing Federated Identity Management have been presented. The paper explores solutions to resolve the security issues reported in existing FIdM and defines a number of possible countermeasures. Cite this Article Gargi Amoli, Manish Kala, Jitendra Chaurasia. A Comprehensive Security Analysis of Federated Identity Management. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2017; 7(1): 11–16p.
Libraries and Information Centres (LICs) play a vital role in the socio-economic development of a nation. The accelerated growth in research and developmental activities in sciences and technology and also in the fields of social sciences and humanities contributed to a phenomenal growth in the universe of subjects resulting in information explosion and interdisciplinary approach to research during the second half of the 20th century. These developments generated new demands and pressures on the services offered by the libraries and information centres in our country and elsewhere. Cite this Article K.Rajaram, S.Jeyachitra, S.Subha. LIS Education Research in India. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2016; 6(3):17–22p.
Co-planar Waveguide Circular Ring Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applications
A printed circular microstrip patch antenna with a four rectangular shape strip and co planar rectangular ground plane has been proposed. Four rectangles of dimensions 4.8mm x3mm are arranged in such a manner to achieve both the WLAN frequency band. The bandwidths of 341MHz and 414MHz are achieved having a resonant frequency of 2.37GHz and 5.45GHz respectively. This antenna is printed on the glass epoxy (FR4 lossy) of dielectric substrate with relative permittivity (€r) of 4.3, thickness of 1.6 mm. Other parameters such as directivity, antenna gain, radiation pattern are also analysed with different values of ground plane length. The proposed antenna simulation result is capable of operating over the 2.187–2.527 GHz frequency band and 5.234-5.643 GHz frequency band, which cover the 2.4/5.2GHz, WLAN operating bands. Cite this Article Meenal Kate, Anjana Goen. Co-planar waveguide circular ring microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2016; 6(3): 1–6p.
A Study on Wireless Sensor Network Deployment and Lifetime Maximization of Wireless Sensor Nodes in Natural Gas Pipeline Monitoring System
Leakage in Natural Gas Pipeline is a very common problem that may lead to economic losses, environmental hazards and pollution. Therefore, the maintenance and security monitoring of the natural gas pipeline has remained a big concern for many years. In the recent times, implementation of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has become very popular. This is due to the low cost and sustainability of WSNs. Since, the implementation of WSNs in different applications has increased rapidly; the energy consumption of WSN’s has also become an important part of study as nodes are powered by battery. In this paper, an architectural model of WSN implementation will be presented. This model can be used for identifying the leakage or other kind of damage monitoring in gas/oil pipelines as well as a process of lifetime maximization of the operating nodes. Moreover, we have studied the effectiveness of equal distance placement scheme, based on Ideal power model and Tmote power model, for WSN’s lifetime maximization in gas pipeline monitoring system. Cite this Article Md. Fahad Monir, Sarjo Das, Priyankar Roychowdhury. A study on Wireless Sensor Network deployment and Lifetime Maximization of Wireless Sensor Nodes in Natural Gas Pipeline Monitoring System. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2016; 6(3): 7–16p
Human Tracking and Positioning in Semi Outdoor Area using Ultra Sound Positioning System
In this thesis, we introduced the indoor and semi outdoor location determination problem. The localization accuracy metrics are the mean error per pixel and the room averaged mean error. We have tried to assess the accuracy of the algorithm, as the location and the number of BSs varies, path loss exponent n value changes. By measuring RSS and mean error of our proposed system, it is concluded that the number of BS must be greater than or at least seven. By calculating and measuring the average mean error of all pixels of our proposed system and reducing the value of AME by increasing BSs, we have made our system more efficient than other systems and we have deployed this technique in a semi outdoor environment instead of only indoor. Cite this Article Saima Almas, Md. Humayun Kabir. Human Tracking and Positioning in Semi Outdoor Area using Ultra Sound Positioning System. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2016; 6(3): 23–31p.
Voice over Wi-Fi Employing SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)
In the recent years, VoIP and SIP based calling has been emerging as a new innovation and a master technology in reducing all over cost of communication and secure calling among various MNCs and other management based calling centres. Voice over Wi-Fi (VoWi-Fi) emerged after voice over IP (VoIP) and manifests to be a useful technology. It acts as a substitute to usual coaxial cable phone system. The purpose of this research is to design and implement a telephony program that uses Wi-Fi in an end to end link or WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) as a means of communication between mobile phones at zero cost. The breakthrough in VoWi-Fi may severely alter the cell phone business in the upcoming future due to its lower cost, flexibility and portability. We have briefly discussed on each aspect including, virtualization, SIP, CentOS, softphones and Wi-Fi which are very much engaged in designing the layout as well as in implementation of the idea behind this research. We have also given the future prospects of VoWiFi and its deployment in the various companies. Cite this Article Shubham Chowdhry, Ravi Jaitly, Shrish Bajpai. Voice over Wi-Fi Employing SIP. Human Tracking and Positioning in Semi Outdoor Area using Ultra Sound Positioning System. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2016; 6(3): 32–34p.
Nowadays internet has the most important priority in our society, since it had made many changes in our today’s world. Using wireless communication in any public place or deciphering authentication in order to connect internet may lead to aggravation because of stumpy speed. A solution for this concern is LI-FI. This technology was sham by physicist Harald Haas. This technology allows transferring “data in the course of illumination “taking the fiber beyond fiber optics by distributing data through an LED corm that vary strength quicker than creature ogle can tag on. Li-Fi is part of the VLC system. We adopt three types of wireless communication technologies that are; Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and Wi-Max in order to compare with Li-Fi. The intention of this paper is to cram the fundamentals and developments of Li-Fi by evaluating their main features, behaviors and communication standards in terms of various matrices including transmission time, frequency, nominal range, data coding efficiency, complexity and power consumption. The valuation offered in this paper would help application engineers in selecting an appropriate etiquette. Cite this Article Aroma PH, Preema Theresa Varghese. Survey Paper on Light Fidelity. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2016; 6(2): 21–27p.
A Statistical View Point of Road Accidents due to Mobile Phone Usage while Driving
The proliferation of mobile technology and its widespread use has created an environment of achieving more while driving. Reports related to road accidents estimate that nearly 1.4 million crashes occur as a consequence of drivers being engaged in phone conversation and almost 2 lakh crashes involve distraction due to texts and emails. Driving requires abilities such as attention, memory, judgment, perceptuomotor skills and decision making. The current mobile interface available in market has limitations to adapt to users environment thus it cannot effectively be customized to driving scenario. By a cognitive distraction test conducted using car simulator was seen that driver deviated from the lane 32.5% more times and missed turn signals 31.9% more on an average than drivers without any distraction. Therefore, there is a scope to design user interface (UI) that would address driver distraction holistically and understand user’s behaviour and pain points that would not only make driving experience safer but also create value in terms of driving convenience. Cite this Article Narahari NS, Prashant V. A Statistical View Point of Road Accidents due to Mobile Phone Usage while Driving. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2016; 6(2): 16–20p.
Performance Evaluation of Library and Information Centers
Traditionally, libraries have been evaluated in terms of input or available resources, such as number of volumes, number of staff members, size of facilities, and so on. More recently, there has been a vigorous movement toward evaluating libraries according to their output of performance. This latter evaluation focuses on what was accomplished with the library’s resources. Many of the performance measures developed thus far have concentrated on such factors as library effectiveness, the library’s impact on the community, and user satisfaction. Cite this Article K. Rajaram, S. Jeyachitra, D. Lavanya. Performance Evaluation of Library and Information Centers. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2016; 6(2): 5–8p.
Evaluation of System Study in Library and Information Science
The word ‘system’ has become a common term, often applied to things which seem large or complex. It is so frequently encountered, that it can become quite difficult to decide what it means even within a defined context. When a manufacturer of washing powder, computer programmers, doctors, economists, astronomers and ecologists use the same word, ‘system’, in describing their interests, can anyone be sure what they mean? What is the connection between the solar system and the monetary system? Do the skeletal system and a computer system have anything in common? Can we sensibly compare the ecological system of ourplant and a brand-new washing system’ of the detergent manufacturer? Cite this Article K. Rajaram, S. Jeyachitra, B.S. Swaroop Rani. Evaluation of System Study in Library and Information Science. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2016; 6(2): 1–4p.
Review on Digital Filter Design Using Artificial Neural Network
This paper provide a survey report on designing Digital FIR filters with the help of Artificial neural network proposed by many researchers who gives a better results and easy way to design a filter. It includes types of filters, window techniques, artificial neural network, comparative analysis of various existing work. This paper gives a better way to analyze various techniques used to design FIR filters. This survey report provides the performance analysis of many researchers work. Cite this Article Suchi Sharma, Anjana Goen. Review on Digital Filter Design Using Artificial Neural Network. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2016; 6(2): 9–15p.
Capacity and BER Performance Analysis of Single Cell Massive MIMO with Various Precoding Techniques
Massive Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) is one of the promising technologies which will facilitate the 5th generation wireless communication system (5G) in the near future. It also goes by other names such as, large MIMO, hyper MIMO, full-dimension MIMO and ARGOS. In this technology the Base Station is incorporated with a large number of transmitting antennas (e.g., Hundreds, thousands). A large number of antenna help to focus the energy into smaller regions of space, which results improvement in throughput and radiate energy efficiency of the system. Other benefits include use of inexpensive, low-power components, reduced latency, simplification of MAC layer, etc. Massive MIMO uncovers a new area of research in MIMO technology. One of the challenges of massive MIMO is finding an optimal precoding technique. A suitable precoding technique is essential to exploit the maximum potential of the massive MIMO system as well as to eliminate some limitation (e.g., Pilot contamination). In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of a massive MIMO system in terms of capacity and Bit Error Rate (BER) for different precoding techniques to find an optimal precoding technique. We have compared numerous precoding techniques such as, MMSE, ZF, MRT, RZF and TPE to each other to choose one optimal precoding technique for the massive MIMO system. Cite this Article Md. Mahfuzur Rahman, Md. Abu Bakar Siddiqui, Capacity and BER Performance Analysis of Single Cell Massive MIMO with Various Precoding Techniques. 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Simulation of Differential Space Time Block Coding
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Thus, it can also be interpreted as the frame length is chosen such that the path gain change during one frame is negligible. This is basically the quasi-static fading assumption that we have used so far. There is a bandwidth penalty due to the number of transmitted pilot symbols. Of course, choosing a longer frame reduces this bandwidth penalty; however, on the other hand, the quasi-static assumption is less valid for longer frames. So, there is a compromise between the frame length and the accuracy of the channel estimation. DSTBC requires that the transmission of symbols is known to the receiver at the beginning and hence is not truly differential. So, we can interpret as the joint channel and data estimation which can lead to error propagation. Cite this Article Toral P. Zinzuwadia, Dipika R. Gosai. Simulation of Differential Space Time Block Coding. 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Libraries in the past had only written or printed documents. Written documents are manuscripts. These documents are always kept away and are not shared with other libraries. The users are expected to visit the library for consultation. The other category; the books were also not loaned to everyone and they were seldom shared with other libraries. With the introduction of printing by movable types, books started appearing in good number and libraries have started accepting the concept of sharing their books with other libraries. Cite this Article Rajaram K, Jeyachitra S, Swaroop Rani BS. Library Resource Sharing and Networking. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2016; 6(1): 15–18p.
Evaluation of Effect of Seeds and Downloaders on the Performance of BitTorrent Network using Markov Chain Modeling
In this paper, we are using existing Markov chain model to study the effect of count of seeds and downloaders on transition rates, which is an important parameter in Markov chain modeling. As of now, many analytical modeling techniques are used to evaluate the performance of BitTorrent network and Markov chain model is found to be an effective, accurate and extendible one. Many researchers have studied BitTorrent networks to evaluate the distinct performance metrics using Markov chain modeling technique. Here Matlab environment is used to analyze the change in transition rates as the count of seeds and downloaders in the system varies. Also two chunk model is extended to three chunk model and observe the same behavior as of two chunk model’s transition rate due to change in seed’s count. Cite this Article Rupesh Chandrakant Jaiswal, Shailesh Mitkari, Shashikant Lokhande. Evaluation of Effect of Seeds and Downloaders on the Performance of BitTorrent Network using Markov Chain Modeling. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2016; 6(1): 30–37p.
New Generation of Knowledge Management in LIS Professionals
Knowledge management is concerned with creating organizations and societies in which subjective or tacit knowledge can be converted into objective knowledge and shared in the pursuit of communal or organizational objectives; and is the domain of politicians, chief executives and senior managers. Cite this Article K. Rajaram, S. Jeyachitra, B.S. Swaroop Rani. New Generation of Knowledge Management in LIS Professionals. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2016; 6(1): 26–29p.