Understanding Linkages of Climate Change Effects on Outbreaks of Waterborne Diseases in Indian Context and Its Implications on Public Health Policies in India
Palavras-chave:
Climate change effects, Outbreak, Waterborne diseases.Resumo
The objective of this study was to understand linkages of climate change effects on outbreaks of waterborne diseases in Indian context and its implications on public health policies in India. A systemic review was conducted by finding studies of last 10 years from the Science Direct database using keywords “climate change flood tsunami India”, “climate change waterborne India”, and “waterborne flood India”. Findings of all studies were compiled and information linking (i) climate change to extreme environmental events (e.g. Tsunami, Flood, Sea level rise, etc.) and (ii) flood to waterborne diseases, e.g., cholera, diarrhea were identified; nature of outbreaks were characterized (bacterial, viral,…etc); availability of public health measures in this context was also documented. Analysis of this study highlighted the noticeable changes in the extreme rainfall events that occurred over India in the last 10 years mostly over eastern coast, West Bengal. Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and Konkarn regions. Heavy rainfall or flooding can increase chances of outbreaks of water-borne parasites, such as Cryptosporidium, Giardia, commonly found in water polluted from human feces. Review showed that available health measures do not capture the severity of weather change-associated outbreaks of waterborne diseases, raising a concern. Further, in India, very few studies are available explicitly focusing on this linkage, important information in decision-making processes. These findings illustrated the need for developing a large database of information relating to climate change-related change in weather patterns, timings of occurrence of outbreaks of waterborne diseases, and region-specific public health-related response measures. Keywords: Climate change effects; Outbreak; Waterborne diseases.
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