Changing Disease Epidemiology: An Impact of Climate Change
Ключевые слова:
Diseases, Epidemiology, human health, malnutrition.Аннотация
Climate Change is one of the biggest challenges being faced across the globe. It is an over-riding environmental issue with grave implications on both economy and health. Major mechanism behind climate change is the “Greenhouse effect” which is causing the rise in temperature worldwide. Increasing temperatures, sea-level rises, changing patterns of precipitation, and more frequent and severe extreme events are expected to have adverse effects on health. Further, changing climatic patterns may affect disease patterns in terms of its spread, amplification and persistence in novel habitats. Emergence of novel strains such as SARS and H1N1 could be included as an after effect of climate system. Potential effects of climate variables on disease dynamics is complex. It is proposed that spatial changes in temperature, precipitation and humidity affect the biology and ecology of vectors and intermediate host and consequently the risk of transmission. Various forms of temperature-mortality modeling approaches have been used to predict the effect of climate change on disease epidemiology of vector borne diseases. The indirect impact of global warming could be causation of major population upheavals creating crowded slum areas and increasing vulnerability to malnutrition and poverty thereby enhancing the acquisition and transmission of diseases such as Tuberculosis. There is documented evidence that climate change also leads to increased rates of disease of non-infectious in origin. The current paper is an attempt to discuss the impact of earth’s climate system on occurrence and transmission of diseases particularly viral, vector borne, respiratory, gastro-intestinal and non-infectious disorders and what is the public health response to climate change. Keywords: Diseases, Epidemiology, human health, malnutrition.
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