Journal of Nuclear Engineering & Technology
Journal of Nuclear Engineering & Technology (JoNET) is an international eJournal focused towards the rapid publication of fundamental research papers on all areas of Nuclear Engineering & Nuclear Technology Focus and Scope Covers Nuclear Power Nuclear Medical Applications Nuclear Industrial Applications Nuclear Commercial Applications Nuclear Safety Nuclear Fusion Nuclear Proliferation
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Aesthetic Values of the Surface-Driven Capillary Flow in SU-8 based Glass Microfluidic Devices
In this research paper, author has fabricated total 422 individual SU-8 based glass microfluidic devices by the maskless lithography, clamping, and diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating using his own hands-on completely. Also, total 422 individual Audio-Video- Interleave-Files as ‘FileName.avi’ related to these microfluidic devices have been recorded and analysed by the author completely. The influence of effective viscosity on the surface- driven capillary flow of aqueous microparticle suspensions has been experimentally investigated. Also, the effects of surface wettability, channel aspect ratio and centrifugal force on the surface-driven capillary flow of aqueous microparticle suspensions have been experimentally investigated. The aesthetic values of the surface-driven capillary flow in SU-8 based glass microfluidic devices have been pictorially expressed in this research paper by the suitable representative images captured using different optical instruments. According to the designs of the microchannels of this research paper, only streamline motion of working liquids in the surface-driven capillary flow is expected without any considerable turbulence by the principles of fluid mechanics. The experimental investigations of this research paper are a novel approach in the royal-world of science-and-technology. In future, the principles of microfluidics may be useful in the nuclear power plants having nuclear reactors based on the applications of nuclear science and nuclear engineering.
Economic Viability of Solar Energy Systems in the Indian Context
In this paper, the current energy resources are discussed, for example: thermal energy, nuclear energy, tidal energy, hydroelectric energy etc. The paper is about the energy resources which are currently used and why are they used, is there is any other energy resource which can be more reliable then these energy resources. Alternative energy resources have been compared with the currently active energy resources, that is, a comparison of coal energy and nuclear energy to the solar energy, tidal energy and wind energy has been made. The cost of per unit electricity produced by solar energy is estimated and the economic viability of solar energy is pondered upon. Keywords: Energy, resources, nuclear, coal, renewable, electricity, wind energy
Nuclear Track Studies in India: A Historical Review
Nuclear Tracks originate from the spontaneous fission of Uranium in minerals and can be revealed by etching with suitable chemical reagents as tracks. The applications of Nuclear Tracks were developed by R.L. Fleischer, P.B. Price and R.M. Walker in USA in various fields, viz., Geology, Biology, Archaeology, Nuclear Physics, Reactor Physics, Earthquake Studies and Space Physics. An historical review of Nuclear Track Studies in India is presented in this paper along with contributions made by the author's group. This technique became popular in developing countries as it involved minimal investments with maximum output of research publications in diverse fields.
Challenges and Opportunities in Non-conventional Energy Resources
To meet the future energy demands and to give quality and pollution free supply to the growing and today’s environment conscious population, the present world attention is to go in for natural, clean and renewable energy resources. These renewable or non-conventional energy resources are: solar energy, wind energy, water energy, geothermal energy, biogas energy, nuclear energy, etc. These energy resources have many developments. Keywords: Fourth generation solar cell (4G solar cell), levelized costs of energy (LCOE), photovoltaic (PV) cell, ocean renewable power company (ORPC), department of energy’s office of nuclear energy (DOE-NE)
Quark Degree of Freedom in the Binding Energy Difference of 14 Λ C~14 Λ N
Abstract Invoking quark degrees of freedom in the nuclei, the six-quark bag formation effect contributes significantly to the binding energy difference of the mirror pair of p-shell hypernuclei 14 Λ C~14 Λ N, in the hybrid quark model. The six-quark cluster formation effect increases the binding of A<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1026" DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1585747415"> </o:OLEObject> </xml><![endif]-->-hyperon in neutron rich partner 14 Λ Ccompared to that of its proton rich partner 14 Λ N. Keywords: Quark degrees of freedom, six-quark cluster formation, hybrid quark model, binding energy difference of the mirror pair of p-shell hypernuclei 14 Λ C~14 Λ N, Nolen- Schiffer Anonalies, Moshinsky Transformation, Slater integral.
Nuclear power plant safety is the utmost important concern and is necessary for the society.Nuclear power plants (NPP) in India are safe and proper regulation of NPP is maintained, have well equipped operating and maintaining procedures, a well defined waste management methodology and disaster management plans. Safety is the overriding priority in all the activities of Nuclear Power plant. The Atomic Energy regulatory board is an autonomous body with powers and comprehensive authority to regulate the safety measures in a NPP. Keywords: Nuclear power plants, AERB, dose, contamination, radiation, safety
Experiments to Determine the Effect of Magnetic Field on Floating Potential in Glow Discharge Plasma System
In this experimental work, the variations in floating potential are discussed by the experimental research on plasma physics. The variations in floating potential with respect to the discharge voltage in the glow discharge plasma system are discussed. The variations in floating potential with respect to the distance of bar magnet from cathode are experimentally studied and discussed. The variations in floating potential with respect to the chamber pressure are experimentally studied. These experimental results may be useful for the applications in basic sciences and in technology. Keywords: Plasma, Floating potential, Discharge voltage, Pressure
Nuclear Imaging and its Applications in Medicine
Molecular imaging is a sort of medical imaging that gives definite pictures of what is going on inside the body at the molecular and cellular level. Where other symptomatic imaging methods, for example, x-beams, registered tomography (CT) and ultrasound—offer pictures of physical structure, molecular imaging enables doctors to perceive how the body is working and to measure its substance and natural procedures. Molecular imaging incorporates the field of nuclear medicine, which utilizes small amount of radioactive materials (radiopharmaceuticals) to analyze and treat disease. In nuclear imaging, the radiopharmaceuticals are distinguished by exceptional sorts of cameras that work with computer to give extremely exact photos of the region of the body being imaged. Atomic solution can likewise be utilized to treat certain sorts of malignancy and different ailments. Keywords: nuclear imaging, PET, scan,images, blood flow, medicine
Effect of Aluminium nitride Nucleation-layer on the Drain Characteristics of Nanoelectronic AlGaN/GaN Single-Heterojunction HEMTs
The simulation studies on the effect of aluminium nitride (AlN) nucleation layer in nanoelectronic single-heterojunction AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) is the novelty of this work. The variations in drain current with drain voltage are studied corresponding to different gate voltages. Also, the variations in drain current with gate voltage are studied corresponding to any considered drain voltage. This simulation work may be an useful prediction for the fabrication of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs to achieve the maximum drain current. Keywords: Nucleation layer; Nanoelectronic; Drain current; Drain voltage; Gate voltage
ESTIMATION OF AIRBORNE CONCENTRAION OF RADIONUCLIDES USING FUNDAMENTAL APPROACH
Most of the literature exists on the simulation of accidental release from chemical or nuclear plant. In this work we have carried out fundamental modelling of radioactive release under normal operating conditions. An attempt is made to estimate the airborne radionuclide concentration in the atmosphere from probable release from stack. The effect of release stack height and the radionuclide source strength on the airborne radionuclide concentration are studied. The location of maxima of airborne radionuclide concentration is investigated in this work. The released source strength was varied to study the impact on the radionuclide concentration profile. Study reveals with increase in source strength of radionuclide airborne concentration of radionuclide increases. It is observed from the study that for similar weather condition even though source strength was varied the concentration profiles remain same and only absolute value of maxima increases with source strength. The maximum airborne concentration of radionuclide was estimated 1.03E-01 Bq/m3 for 50 m high stack release considering radioactive release source strength of 1.807E-03 Bq/s.
Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering by the Hulthen Potentials
The nuclear part of the nucleon-nucleon interaction is represented by nuclear Hulthen and the electromagnetic part by atomic Hulthen potentials. Frobenius method is applied to construct the ground state wave function for the systems under consideration. Higher partial wave (Pwave) nucleon-nucleon potentials are generated by exploiting the supersymmetry inspired factorization method and the corresponding scattering phase shifts are computed by applying the phase function method for the local potential. To achieve good agreement with experimental data correction factors are incorporated in the associated S- and P-wave potentials. Keywords: Nucleon-nucleon potentials, Supersymmetric quantum mechanics, Phase function method, Scattering phase shifts Cite this Article J. Bhoi, U. Laha. Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering by the Hulthen Potentials. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Technology. 2016; 6(2): 17–23p.
Nuclear Safety and its Regulation: A Review
Nuclear power plants use materials to produce heat which indirectly is converted to electricity. Radioactive materials are produced as a byproduct. The radioactive materials play a major role in cancer therapy but are hazardous to health. The use and process involved in the management and production of these has to hence regulated and monitored to ensure nuclear safety. To ensure nuclear safety qualified staff and effective workforce safety culture is required. The objective of nuclear safety is to protect and safeguard workers in the nuclear industry and to prevent environmental hazards. The use of nuclear energy in generation of electricity is extremely safe. Considering probable accidents and safety requirements licensing regulations are framed accordingly. Keywords: Nuclear, radioactive materials, safety, workers, industry, regulation Cite this Article Parul Singh, Abinav Kumar Pandey. Nuclear Safety and its Regulation: A Review. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Technology. 2016; 6(2):
Experimental Study on the Fundamentals of Plasma Physics for the Applications in Basic Sciences and in Technology
In this research paper, few experimental results have been discussed on the basis of total 1547 individual experimental-outputs by the experimental research on plasma physics. The previously invented Paschen curve has been verified. Also, the variations in floating potential with respect to the discharge voltage in the glow discharge plasma system have been briefly discussed. These experimental results may be useful for the applications in basic sciences and in technology. This research paper is highly significant from the administrative point of view to build up a high-level of research-collaboration between India and United Kingdom in all fields of Science and Technology. These total 1547 individual experimental-outputs have been obtained by the author’s own hands-on completely.
Energy Saving Measures in Industrial Production: A Case Study
The Energy Efficiency Project for the industries will improve energy efficiency in public and social facilities and enables environment for sustainable energy financing .The primary and secondary aim of this paper is to save energy that will results in economical environment friendly production practices. This paper proposes ideas that how energy saving can be executed in industries by the application of energy saving products. Case Studies have been carried out to bring out the quantitative data for the comparison, analysis and decision making regarding implementation. Energy conservation and efficiency measures help in reducing the economic cost and effect on environment. The paper tries to convert the energy saving into the monetary value to showcase the actual impact of suggestive measures on the production economy. The end results show 54% savings to investment ratio with a payback period of 137 days. Keywords: energy, efficiency, savings, production economy, nuclear, thermal
Ghana’s Nuclear Power Option and Associated Safeguards Technique
The adequate supply of electricity is a pre-requisite for industrialization, sustainable development and a key policy agenda for national development. Economic consumption of electricity production would have to be augmented to satisfy Ghana’s high level of economic growth and social well-being in the future. In 2008, cabinet decision was taken to proceed with the nuclear power plant construction roadmap. As part of the preparations being made towards the implementation of the nuclear power project, interim assessment on the choice of reactor has been made based on, economics and technological aspects of safety. A light water reactor (LWR), preferably the pressurized water reactor (PWR) with capacity up to 1500 maximum, has been proposed to commence commercial operation by 2020. Ghana’s option for nuclear power in addition to the research reactor would expand the nuclear fuel cycle and give room for several nuclear material accounting procedures. Core conversion activities are underway to replace the highly enriched uranium (HEU) U235 with LEU of approximately, 13% enrichment. The general objective of this paper is to perform an assessment on available safeguards approaches and methods used to verify inventory and flow of nuclear material in accessible areas of Ghana’s new nuclear fuel cycle, with focus on the safeguards measures to be prepared by facility operator to successfully support nuclear material verification. The elements of facility design relevant to safeguards in consultation with the regulatory body, supplier/designer and the international atomic energy agency (IAEA) have also been addressed. Indications of material balance areas, key measurement points as well as safeguards strategies relevant to the IAEA are outlined. The assessment and suggestions discussed are anticipated to support safeguards measures that may be applied to Ghana’s first nuclear power plant’s construction and operation. Keywords: Safeguards measures, safeguards approach, nuclear power Cite this Article Rita Appiah E, Gbadago JK. Ghana’s Nuclear Power Option and Associated Safeguards Technique. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Technology. 2016; 6(2): 1–5p.
PBE-based Drop Dynamics Simulation in an Unbaffled Stirred Tank Reactor
The population balance equation (PBE)-based model describes the distribution of drop size with respective to its size. In this work, 30% TBP was dispersed in 4N nitric acid solution by turbine impeller. Drop-size distributions were measured with a 630 nm laser-based particle size analyzer. For daughter drop density function, a normal distribution function was considered. For breakage rate, Voigt model of Chen et al. was used in the simulation [1]. For coalescence, model of Coulaloglou and Tavlarides was used [2]. The population balance equation was solved and simulation results were compared with experimental results. It was observed that the breakage model of Chen et al. could reproduce the experimental results with good accuracy [1]. In this paper, detailed results of these investigations would be presented. Keywords: Solvent extraction, population balance, drop-size distribution, modeling, mass transfer Cite this Article Somasundaram S, Kumar S, Vijayakumar V. PBE-Based Drop Dynamics Simulation in an Unbaffled Stirred Tank Reactor. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Technology. 2016; 6(1): 25–35p.
Parallel Genetic Algorithm for Fuel Bundle Burnup Optimization of Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor
In this study, parallel genetic algorithm (GA) was applied to solve an optimization problem of nuclear fuel management pertaining to a 220 MWe pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR). The study aims at finding appropriate values of reference discharge burnups of two zones of the reactor core which gives maximum fuel economy, while satisfying operational and safety-related constraints. This is a multiobjective optimization problem with four objectives and four constraints. Penalty functions-based GA methodology was employed to convert the multi-objective optimization problem to an unconstrained optimization problem by defining a penalty function. Master–slave parallelization method was used to parallelize the GA in order to reduce the computational time by exploring the capabilities of high performance computing cluster. This approach used a single population and evaluation of the individuals of the population was carried out in parallel. In this study, we have run the parallel program by varying the number of CPU cores (processes) and obtained significant performance improvement. Keywords: parallel genetic algorithm (GA), master–slave GA, nuclear fuel management, Indian PHWR, high performance computing Cite this Article Ramachandran S, Jayalal ML, Jehadeesan R et al. Parallel Genetic Algorithm for Fuel Bundle Burnup Optimization of Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Technology. 2016; 6(1): 11–24p.
Correlations for some Thermal Hydraulic Parameters for a Pressurized Water Reactor
Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) constitutes majority of nuclear power plants used worldwide because of its stability which enhances operability. However, the design and safe operation of the PWR is dependent on certain thermal hydraulic parameters such as friction factor and heat transfer. In this study, therefore the correlations for the calculation of the two important thermal hydraulic parameters are presented. Correlations used include: Dittus-Boelter and Chilton-Colburn for heat transfer, Blasius and Drew et al. for the friction factor. Microsoft Excel regression analysis and the solver tools were used to determine the various parameters for these correlations. The correlations are applicable within the range 2000 < Re < 5×106 and 0.5 < Pr < 2000 for the heat transfer and 3000 ≤ Re ≤ 3×105 for the friction factor. Experimental data obtained from literature were then used to validate the different correlation parameters. It was found that the lowest average and maximum percentage deviations for friction factor are: Blasius (0.38% and 0.74%) and Drew et al. (0.62% and 1.48%). For the heat transfer: Dittus-Boelter (less than 0.01%) and Chilton-Colburn (0.31% and 0.85%). Keywords: Friction factor, Heat transfer, Thermal hydraulic
Gauge-Gravity Dualities Pertaining to Nuclear Asymmetry and Disorder in the Cosmic Framework
Gauge-Gravity dualities impart a big role in nuclear asymmetry. Hence, the non-equilibrium BIS fabric of spacetime foam arises. An ordered cosmic state becomes unstable leading to cosmic disorder. In our present paper, we have given a theoretical description of the disordered spacetime foam in terms of Gauge-Gravity dualities. Keywords: Gauge-Gravity dualities, Anti de Sitter theory, QFT, String theory Cite this Article Sobinder Singh. Gauge-Gravity Dualities Pertaining to Nuclear Asymmetry and Disorder in the Cosmic Framework. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Technology. 2016; 6(1): 36–39p.
Implication of Topological Quantum Field Theory for the Integrable Structure of Nuclei Pertaining to Anisotropic Nuclear Decay
In the present paper, the basic rules of AdS theory have been lent in order to comprehend the composite structure of the cosmic nuclei. Super Yang–Mills theory indirectly gives us an idea of nuclear decay as a result of change in the topology of the nuclear structure. The variation in topology changes the viscosity of the cosmic nuclei. Finally, using Sakai–Sugimoto model the nuclear decay is shown as a result of fluctuations in the values of cosmic parameters. Keywords: AdS theory, Gauge parameters, Super Yang–Mills theory, Sakai–Sugimoto model Cite this Article Sobinder Singh. Implication of Topological Quantum Field Theory for the Integrable Structure of Nuclei Pertaining to Anisotropic Nuclear Decay. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Technology. 2016; 6(1):40–43p.
Estimation of PVT Properties and Vapor Pressure of CHON Based Extractants for Nuclear Solvent Extraction
CHON amides like N, N′-Di hexyl octanamide (DHOA) and N, N′-Di octyl hexanamide (DOHA) have been identified as the alternate extractants to TBP for nuclear solvent extraction. Critical properties of these amidic solvents are needed for the estimation of various physical properties. Currently, there is little information in the literature about critical properties for these solvents. For these two extractants, critical properties and boiling point were estimated using group contribution method. The predicted boiling point was verified using the experimentally measured flash point data. Vapor pressures of these amides were correlated with ‘Wagner vapor pressure equation’. Keywords: Amides; (DHOA, DOHA), vapor pressure; solvent extraction Cite this Article Balasubramonian S, Kumar S, Sivakumar D et al. Estimation of PVT Properties and Vapor Pressure of CHON Based Extractants for Nuclear Solvent Extraction. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Technology. 2015; 5(3): 33–37p.
Study the Effect of Gd2O3 on the Neutronic Characteristics of Boiling Water Reactor using MCNPX Code
MCNPX code (Monte Carlo N–Particle code extended) is used to design Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) bundle model. This model is designed to study the effect of Gd2O3 on the reactivity effect of voiding, void coefficient, neutron flux and normalized power. The incorporation of Gd2O3 directly into the UO2 fuel is the most attractive process, because of its significant effect on the fuel life in the core of the reactor. The effect of axial fuel enrichment on the normalized power is analyzed. In this study, the influences of the burnable poisons on the main parameters of the reactor such as multiplication factor and burnup are investigated. Results are discussed to assess the effect of Gd2O3 on fuel cycle characteristics. Keywords: Axial Fuel Enrichment, Boiling Water Reactor, Neutronic characteristics for BWR, Gd2O3, MCNPX, Reactivity effect of voiding Cite this Article Abdelghafar Galahom, Bashter II, Moustafa Aziz. Study the Effect of Gd2O3 on the Neutronic Characteristics of Boiling Water Reactor using MCNPX Code. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Technology. 2015; 5(3): 26-32p.
Analysis of Pressurized Water Reactor Fuel Rod Using Nano Fluid
The project aims at analysing the flow through a PWR Nuclear Fuel Rod. In this analysis, fuel rod is simulated using ANSYSCFX 14. Fuel Rod is simulated along with the Spacer Grid. The project aims at studying the behaviour of nano fluids under laminar flow conditions and its application as Nuclear reactor coolants. The properties of two nano fluids have been studied-Al2O3 and CuO with water as base fluid. Their properties have been then compared with each other as well as under different conditions of flow and along the different regimes of flow. The nano particles are in the form of suspended metallic layer which when mixed with some percentage of water ensures ‘higher thermal conductivity’. Water acts as the base fluid. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model for nuclear reactor has been developed and different fluids have been tested for their performance under different conditions. We are focussed in exploring the nuclear applications of nano fluids in the following area of coolant for reactor in PWR, cooling reactor core during emergency of PWR and increase in conductivity of nano fluids with increase in concentration of nano fluids when mixed with coolant. Keywords: fission, fuel, Computational Fluid Dynamics Cite this Article Bhandari Yogesh, Guven Ugur. Analysis of Pressurized Water Reactor Fuel Rod Using Nano Fluid. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Technology. 2015; 5(3): 14-25p.
Radio-Assay of Plant Samples at the Proposed Nuclear Reactor Site in Geregu, North-Central Nigeria
Radio-assay of plant samples at the Geregu site, North-Central Nigeria, was evaluated to determine the radiological burden on the environment. Plant samples were collected from ten different locations on the site and the concentrations were measured using gamma spectroscopy. Radiological equivalent dose was estimated using standard analytical methods. The mean value for the external outdoor absorbed gamma dose rates due to terrestrial γ-rays from the nuclides Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 at 1 m above the ground level was 46.64 nGyh-1.The mean annual effective dose equivalent(AEDE) (outdoor and indoor) were 51.70µSυy-1and 206.7970 µSυy-1, respectively. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) mean value was 0.18×10-3. All the plants have values of AEDE (outdoor and indoor) and ELCR that are lower than the standard United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) values. Keywords: radio-assay, radiation, dose rate, radioactivity Cite this Article Ngbede A, Abiodun A, Oluwaseun A. Radio-Assay of Plant Samples at the Proposed Nuclear Reactor Site in Geregu, North-Central Nigeria. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Technology. 2015; 5(3): 6–13p.
Volumetric Properties of PEG-400 in FS-13 Diluent for 293.15 K to 343.15 K at 0.1 MPa
PEG-400 in FS-13 solvent was proposed for strontium extraction from spent fuel solution in back end of nuclear fuel cycles. Densities and viscosities of solutions of PEG-400 and FS-13 were not available in literature. Densities and viscosities of binary mixture of extractant PEG-400 in FS-13 diluent was measured from 293.15 to 323.15 K. The excess molar volume (VE) and excess Gibb’s free energy of activation (DGE) was evaluated from density measurements from 293.15 to 323.15 K. Keywords: FS-13, PEG, volumetric properties, strontium extraction, post-purex processes Cite this Article Pranay Kumar Sinha, Shekhar Kumar, U. Kamachi Mudali. Volumetric Properties of PEG-400 in FS-13 Diluent for 293.15 K to 343.15 K at 0.1 MPa. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Technology. 2015; 5(3):1–5p.