Journal of NanoScience, NanoEngineering & Applications
Journal of NanoScience , NanoEngineering & Applications (JoNSNEA) is a print and e-Journal focused towards the rapid publication of fundamental research papers on all areas of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology . The journal publishes contributions in form of research and review articles. Nanostructures and Nanomaterials Analyzing and Calculating the size of the Particles at Nanoscale Novel Applications of Nanostructured Materials Nanomechanics & Nanoprobes Properties of Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscale Instrumentation and Characterization Bionanomaterials Nanoscale Drug Delivery,Therapeutic and Diagnostic agents Nanomedicine Nanocatalysis, Nanorobotics Nanoscience/ Nanophysics/ Nanochemistry Biomedical Nanotechnology Nanofabrication Nanotoxicology
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Technological Procedure for Recycling of PET Waste to Achieve the Sustainable Environment Concept
Abstract In this research, polyethylene terephthalate bottles (PET) waste were added to styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) to manufacture road bumps, as a technological procedure for recycling this waste In order to maintain a clean and sustainable environment. Polyethylene terephthalate bottles were cut as grooved strips and added to bump SBR batch with various percentages (0–100 pphr). Mechanical tests were performed before and after the addition of PET waste includes: tensile strength, hardness, and resilience. Nanoparticles of carbon black, zinc oxide and sulfur were used, and compare the results with samples with micro particles additions. The result shows that the developed and manufactured bump SBR in this research conforms to the mechanical characteristics of the original bump model especially with nanoparticles additives, and the best results obtained with the nanoparticles additions. Keywords: PET waste, road bumps, SBR, sustainable environment Cite this Article Ali I. Al-Mosawi. Technological Procedure for Recycling of PET Waste to Achieve the Sustainable Environment Concept. Journal of Nanoscience, Nanoengineering and Applications. 2017; 7(2): 29–34p.
Development of Characterization Techniques of Various Nanocomposites: A Review
Abstract Nanotechnology is basic research and development that is a phenomenon in laboratories all over the world. A nanometer (nm) is one thousand millionth of a meter. For comparison, a red blood cell is approximately 7,000 nm wide and a water molecule is almost 0.3 nm across. Nano-scale is a scale where the properties of materials can be very different from those at a larger scale. Nanoscience is a study of phenomena and manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ considerably from those at a larger scale. Composites made from particles of nanosize ceramics or metals smaller than 100 nm can suddenly become much stronger than predicted by existing materials. This review focuses on overview of characterization methods and their advantages for research and development perspectives. Keywords: Nanocomposites, nanoparticle, nanosize, macromolecules, SEM, TEM Cite this Article Manju Kumari Choudhary, Manju Sharma, Preeti Nair. Development of Characterization Techniques of Various Nanocomposites: A Review. Journal of Nanoscience, Nanoengineering and Applications. 2017; 7(2): 7–9p.
Thermal Conductivity Models Effect on the Nanofluids Heat Transfer Capability
Abstract Nanofluids are the suspension of solid particles in the fluid. Nanofluid possesses high thermal conductivity and higher surface area to volume ratio which helps in increasing the heat transfer. Thermal properties of nanofluids like, effective density, effective specific heat and effective thermal conductivity are the properties behind the increased heat transfer. Present work focuses on the effect of solid nano-particle concentration and thermal conductivity models on the thermal properties of nanofluids or their heat transfer capability. Al2O3, B4C, Cu, SiC and TiO2 as solid-nano particles while water as base-fluid is considered. Different models considered are mixture rule, “Maxwell model” and Yo and Choi model”. For calculating effective properties, density, specific heat and thermal expansion coefficient, physical mixture rule is considered. Keywords: Nanofluids, nanoparticle, density, thermal conductivity, heat Cite this Article Avinash Singh Thakur, Manoj Sharma. Thermal Conductivity Models Effect on the Nanofluids Heat Transfer Capability. Journal of Nanoscience, Nanoengineering and Applications. 2017; 7(2): 35–40p.
Morphological and Optical Characterization of Zinc Sulphide Nanostructure Synthesized by Green Route of Musa Peels
Abstract Zinc sulphide nanoparticles are very good candidate for optoelectronic applications. In this paper we have reported green synthesis of zinc sulphide nanoparticles using Musa peels available in abundance as organic waste. Various precursor ratios and various extract concentrations were used. The samples obtained were analyzed using optical and morphological characterization. Strong blue shift in absorption edges was observed for increasing concentration of thiourea. It also was influenced by concentration of peel extract, which indicates the effective role of peel in nanostructure formation. The samples also show reasonable luminescence in visible or UV region to make them suitable for various optoelectronic applications. Keywords: Green synthesis, zinc sulphide, UV-visible, photoluminescence, FESEM Cite this Article Ramanand Bisauriya, Saurabh Khandelwal, Goswami YC. Morphological and Optical Characterization of Zinc Sulphide Nanostructure Synthesized by Green Route of Musa Peels. Journal of Nanoscience, Nanoengineering & Applications. 2017; 7(2): 23–28p.
A Review on the Fabrication Techniques of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites
Abstract The recent trend towards the use of composites is increasing in the ongoing research and is likely to continue rapidly in the future. Nowadays, aluminium (Al) and aluminium alloy based composites are gaining importance in the upcoming fields of engineering. Metal matrix composites (MMC`s) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforcements give superior mechanical and physical properties. Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites (AMMC`s), sought over other conventional materials in the field of automobile, aerospace, defense, sports, electronics, biomedical and other industrial applications, have been becoming essential since the last few years. In the present paper an attempt has been made to review the CNT reinforced AMMC’s fabrication processes through stir casting, compocasting and ultrasonic assisted techniques and discusses the dispersion of CNTs in the matrix. An insight in to mechanical properties of Al-CNTs Metal Matrix Composites is also reported. Keywords: Metal Matrix Composites, Aluminium, Carbon Nanotubes Cite this Article Vijee Kumar, Kempaiah UN, Satish Babu Bopanna et al. A Review on the Fabrication Techniques of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites. Journal of Nanoscience, Nanoengineering and Applications. 2017; 7(2): 1–6p.
Investigation of Oxidation Behaviour of Plasma Sprayed Carbon Nanotubes-Alumina Coated ASME-SA213-T22 Boiler Tube Steel
Abstract In this research work, carbon nanotubes reinforced Al2O3 coated ASME-SA213-T22 boiler tube steel was investigated for high temperature oxidation behaviour at 900ï‚°C temperature in the air. The coatings were deposited using plasma spray technique and NiCr was used as bond coat before applying CNTs-Al2O3 coatings. The hot corrosion studies were conducted on uncoated as well as plasma spray coated specimens in air at 900°C under cyclic conditions. The thermogravimetric technique was used to establish kinetics of corrosion. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (SEM/EDAX) techniques were used to analyse the corrosion products. The CNTs reinforced Alumina coatings enhance resistance to corrosion significantly. Keywords: Oxidation, thermal spray, carbon nanotubes, boiler steel, XRD, SEM/EDAX Cite this Article Rakesh Goyal, Buta Singh Sidhu, Vikas Chawla. Investigation of Oxidation Behaviour of Plasma Sprayed Carbon Nanotubes-Alumina Coated ASMESA213- T22 Boiler Tube Steel. Journal of Nanoscience, Nanoengineering and Applications. 2017; 7(2): 10–22p.
Nanotechnology is the designing of practical frameworks at the sub-atomic scale. This spreads both current work and ideas that are more advanced. In its unique sense, "nanotechnology" alludes to the anticipated capacity to build thing from the base up, utilizing strategies and instruments being created today make it finish superior items. The polymer is a vast particle, or macromolecule. In view of their expansive scope of properties, both manufactured and characteristic polymers play a fundamental and omnipresent part in regular day to day existence. The polymer materials use nanotechnology and contain the first solar cell able to harness the sun’s invisible, infrared rays. Solar cell plays an important role in today’s world. It is a renewable source of energy. It is much more efficient than conventional solar cells. In this paper, by the use of nanotechnology we implemented the infrared polymer solar cell having more advantages over conventional solar cells. KEY WORDS: Organic Polymer, Polymer photovoltaic, Organic solar cell, Mechanisms
Nano-Engineered Materials for Solar PV Panels
A photovoltaic framework, additionally called Solar PV control framework, or PV framework, is a power framework intended to supply usable solar based power by method for photovoltaic. It comprises of a course of action of a few parts, including solar panels to retain and change over sunlight into power, a sun oriented inverter to change the electric current from DC to AC, and in addition mounting, cabling and other electrical accomplices to set up a working framework. It might likewise utilize a sun oriented following framework to enhance the framework's general execution and incorporate a coordinated battery arrangement, as costs for capacity gadgets are reducing. Entirely, a solar based cluster just envelops the troupe of sun oriented boards, the noticeable piece of the PV framework, and does exclude the various equipment, regularly compressed as adjust of framework (BOS). The materials currently in use for photovoltaic system have low efficiency, so this is hampering the large scale deployment of photovoltaic system into our society. Thus in order to have large scale deployment and to have benefits of renewables from environmental and economical point of view, there is a need of alternative materials for solar pv systems which have high efficiency, low cost, ease of development, etc. In this paper, nano-engineered materials for solar pv systems are discussed as they have high efficiency, high reliability, etc. If these materials are produced on large scale it will bring down the unit cost of the solar panels thus large scale deployment of the system would be possible which inturn beneficial to national economy and the people. Keywords— Solar PV, nano-engineered materials, efficiency, environmental effect, carbon nano cell.
Experimental Studies on the Capillary Flow Phenomena in polyimide based Glass Microfluidic Devices
The polyimide based glass microfluidic devices are fabricated using the maskless lithography. Water is the only working liquid in this work. The effects of micropillar side length, microfluidic friction and surface area to volume ratio on the surface-driven capillary flow of water are studied experimentally. The surface-driven capillary flow of water is slower due to higher microfluidic friction. This work will be useful to control the water inside the microfluidic lab-on-a-chip systems for commercial applications. Keywords: SU-8, Polyimide, Capillary flow, Micropillar, Surface to volume ratio
Composite Coating Techniques – A Review on Process Parameters and its Impact on Characterizations.
Surface modification with composite coating technology is the need of the hour in most of the industries. Changing the bulk properties of the material by surface modification is one of the simplest techniques to do so, and this also avoids industrial downtime. An attempt is made in summarizing the processing techniques of developing composite coatings. The effects of coating parameters on the micro-structure, porosity, bond strength and micro-hardness have also been discussed. High velocity oxy- flame (HVOF) coating sounds to be a promising technology for the development of composite coatings. Key words: Surface treatment, Coatings, CVD, PVD, Thermal Spray
Layered Filler Based Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolyte For Solar Cell Application
In the present work we fabricated natural dye sensitized solar cell using PVA based nanocomposite polymer electrolyte with MMT Clay (Montmorillonite) as layered filler in order to improve the conductivity of polymer electrolyte. In this work, we applied TiO2-WO3 to natural dye sensitizer solar cells as a photoelectrode to reduce the recombination rate by providing energy barrier and we also explore the use of natural dyes, betacyanin obtained from the beetroot which are characterized by a high content of red pigments with a high absorption coefficient in the visible part of the solar spectrum. The properties of the Polyvinyl alcohol based natural solid state dye sensitized solar cell have been studied by measuring their short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (ff) and conversion efficiency. Keywords: Nanocomposite polymer electrolyte, MMT Clay (Montmorillonite), polyvinyl alcohol, TiO2-WO3,
Influence of Dip Cycles on the Structural, Optical and Morphological Properties of CdS-SILAR Deposited Thin Films
Cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films were deposited on a glass substrate by a relatively simple and cost effective successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method at temperature 80ºC at different deposition cycles. For a fine nanocrystalline thin film growth, the parameters include concentrations of cationic and ionic precursors, number of immersion cycles, and the immersion time. A study was made to know how dip cycles affects the structural, surface morphological and optical properties of the film using X-ray diffraction (XRD), EDAX, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-VIS (ultraviolet visible) spectrophotometer. The deposited CdS thin films were found to be greenockite αCdS film with a strong preferred orientation along the (002) plane exhibit hexagonal phase with optical band gaps between 2.38 and 2.70eV. The band gap with a value to a certain extent larger than the distinctive value of the bulk CdS (2.42 eV), can be ascribed to quantum confinement effects due to the nanometer crystallite size of the CdS thin films. Keyword: Thin films, SILAR, SEM, XRD, UV-VIS Cite this Article Kester O. Ighodalo, Tochukwu M. Emeakaroha, Blessing N. Ezealigo, et al. Influence of dip cycles on the structural, optical and morphological properties of CdS-SILAR deposited Thin Films. Journal of NanoScience, NanoEngineering & Applications. 2016; 6(3): 19–26p.
A Study on the Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Metal Nano Particles with Acrylic Acid– Acrylamide (Aa) Copolymer as Mediating Agent
Silver metal nano-particles (MNP) have been synthesized by chemical methods with acrylic acid- acryl amide (AA) copolymer as mediating agent. Formation and interaction of silver metal nano- particles with AA copolymer has been confirmed by ultraviolet–visible (UV-VIS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) techniques. Thermal and morphological properties of the composite have been studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) techniques. Change in intensity together with shift of FTIR absorption bands in the regions of 3500–3150 cm-1 and 1700 cm-1 position in an evidence for interaction of silver metal particles with amide (CONH2) and carboxylic acid functional (COOH) groups of the copolymer. Presence of 280 nm, 350 nm and 450 nm optical absorption bands indicate the formation and existence of silver nano metal particles in copolymer matrix. DSC thermogram indicates that the thermal stability of the complex is more than the copolymer. The silver nano metal particles are found to lie on the surface of copolymer matrix. Keywords: Copolymer matrix, nanoparticles, optical absorption, silver metal Cite this Article B. Sanjeeva Rao, K. Rajendra Prasad, S. Kalahasti et al. A Study on the Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Metal Nano Particles with Acrylic Acid– Acrylamide (AA) Copolymer as Mediating Agent. Journal of Nanoscience, Nanoengineering and Applications. 2016; 6(3): 1–4p.
Characterization of Mn Dopped SrAlO Nano-Phosphors Prepared via Sol-Gel Method
Strontium aluminate with Mn dopped phosphor was synthesized by Sol-Gel method using Strontium Acetate, Aluminium Acetate as raw material and 2-methoxyethanol as complexing agent. The transparent sol was preheated at 100°C for 2 h and then the precursor was finally annealed at 950°C for 2 h. The phosphor emits luminescence with peak wavelength at 395 nm and 520 nm under near-ultraviolet excitation at 360 nm. The morphology, composition and structure of the synthesized phosphors were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. Keywords: Strontium aluminate, stoichiometry, nanocrystals, aluminium acetate, sol gel method Cite this Article V.T.Jisha. Characterization of Mn Dopped SrAlO Nano-Phosphors Prepared via Sol-Gel Method. Journal of Nanoscience, Nanoengineering and Applications. 2016; 6(3): 5–10p.
Effect of Annealing on Structural and Surface Properties of Nanostructured ZnO Thin Films
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-IN</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>AR-SA</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--" /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> ZnO thin films with different grain size were grown on amorphous quartz substrate using spin coating method. We have reported the effect of annealing temperatures on the structural and surface properties of ZnO thin films. The surface properties were characterized by AFM. From XRD analysis, it can be seen that, the FWHM decreases with an increase in annealing temperature from 500 to 575ºC which is reflected in the increase in the particle size with annealing temperature. The grains are well developed in nature with the size ranging between 100 and 200 nm and the height of the grains range between 25 and 55 nm. The absorption spectrum in the UV-visible range of ZnO film was taken to confirm the diameter of nanoparticle. The value of the average diameter (D) of ZnO particle in the CSD grown film is estimated to be ~10 nm, which is in the range of the particle size obtain from XRD. Keywords: ZnO, thin film, microstructure, annealing Cite this Article Shiyani T, Khachar UD, Mansuriya R, et al. Effect of annealing on structural and surface properties of nanostructured ZnO thin films. 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Growth and Description of Cu Nanostructure via a Chemical Reducing Process
Chemical reduction process has been employed to produce copper (Cu) nanostructure by using L-ascorbic acid. The use of L-ascorbic acid makes this process cost effective. In this process, copper chloride (CuCl2.2H2O) has been used as a precursor to produce the Cu nanostructure. They were characterized through UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental findings revealed that the molar concentrations of L-ascorbic acid played an important influence over the particles size. The result observed was the average particle size ~50 nm. Keywords: Cu nanostructure, ascorbic acid, particle size, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Cite this Article Barman SC, Saha DK, Mamur H, et al. Growth and description of Cu nanostructure via a chemical reducing process. Journal of Nanoscience, Nanoengineering and Applications. 2016; 6(3): 27–31p.
Piezoelectric Nanoparticles Loaded with Curcumin for Cancer Treatment
Conventional cancer chemotherapy treatments are often compromised by systemic toxicity which starts from the lack of tumor specificity of administered anticancer drugs. The side effects limit the dose of the drug that can be administrated, making effective cancer treatment difficult. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery has the potential to overcome this challenge by targeted delivery to tumor and taking the advantage of tumor’s natural leaky vasculature to increase the accumulation of drug-loaded nanoparticles in the tumor interstitium. By loading anticancer drug into nanoparticles, the more favourable pharmacokinetics and tuneable bio distribution of nanoparticles which can increase in the efficacy of the drug, can be achieved. Drug molecules loaded into a nanoparticle may also be protected from degradation and oxidation while in circulation. In this project, we are intending to accomplish an effective cancer treatment in a more economical and efficient manner without using chemical dosage, radiation exposure or any other surgical methods minimizing the side effects. Here, the Rochelle salt crystals are used to accomplish this by utilizing its piezoelectric property. Since the Rochelle salt comes under food additive chemicals and it is easily excreted in the urine without metabolizing in the body, it is a biocompatible material. The nanoparticles must be biocompatible and we are choosing this material in combination with curcumin and are administered after polymer encapsulation. Curcumin thus becomes an answer to several limitations in the present day techniques. Curcumin loaded Rochelle salt nanoparticles will be administered after the polymer encapsulation using PCL and PEG, with antibodies for tumor specificity which will ensure specific delivery. Ultrasound applied externally can initialise the piezoelectricity in Rochelle salt which will disintegrate the cancer cells. Keywords: Cancer, Rochelle salt, nanoparticles, curcumin, piezoelectricity, ultrasound Cite this Article Ansif M, Madhan Kumar, Sridhar R. Piezoelectric Nanoparticles Loaded with Curcumin for Cancer Treatment. Journal of Nanoscience, Nanoengineering and Applications. 2016; 6(2): 1–6p.
Study of Nanoindentation Characteristics of Al/B4C/CNT Composites
Nanoindentation characterization is one of the essentialities that are used in current work to measure hardness and elastic moduli properties of Al reinforced with B4C particulates and carbon nano-tube (CNT). The nanoindentation characterization enables measurements of mechanical characteristics on nano scale. The method is very effective to understand the localized variations in mechanical behavior of the composites that are influenced by precipitation of reinforcements. The composites were synthesized en-route powder metallurgy, the matrix and reinforcements were ball milled which facilitated the study of the morphological and structural aspects involved in powder particles during structural evolution and morphological changes of powder particles during ball milling. Hardness and elastic modulus values of powder particles were measured by nanoindentation method. Nanoindentation tests were done in current work on specimens prepared from five different compositions viz. Al, Al/5 wt% B4C, Al/0.5 wt% CNT/5 wt% B4C, Al/1 wt% CNT/5 wt% B4C, Al/2 wt% CNT/5 wt% B4C scratch tests were also performed to define the tribological characteristics of materials, since scratch resistance and friction are core properties of any composite material. The nano-hardness is measured in GPa scale and is found to vary between 0.5 and 0.62 GPa, while the elastic modulus is found to vary between 110 and 122 GPa for specimens of different compositions. Keywords: Nanoindentation, nano-hardness, elastic modulus, scratch test, aluminium, boron carbide, carbon nano-tube Cite this Article Gowda Ashwin C, Girish P. Study of Nano Indentation Characteristics of Al/B4C/CNT Composites. Journal of Nanoscience, Nanoengineering and Applications. 2016; 6(2): 7–12p.
Wear Characterization of Al/B4C/CNT Composites for Different Alloying Composition
Wear is a surface phenomenon that occurs predominantly at the surface of the material. It is majorly due to the rubbing action between two surfaces that is attributed to solid state contact. As wear is a material removal phenomena occurring at the outer surfaces, it is indeed very apt to develop materials that have wear resistant characteristics. Henceforth in the current work, it is therefore judicially justified to develop a composite material with different proportions of carbon nanotube (CNT) and boron carbide (B4C) for obtaining wear resistant characteristics. The objective of present work is to develop an experimental plan to find the important factors and the combination of factors influencing the wear phenomenon to optimize the wear characteristics such that the minimum wear rate and COF is achieved. The plan of experiments are developed based on an orthogonal array, the main aim of orthogonal array is to relate the sliding speed, applied load and sliding distance. The parameters henceforth considered are distinct and affect the performance of composite materials. Taguchi Genechi method gives an overview of conceptual approach that takes into account S/N ratio for optimizing the experimental variables and identifying the significant factors. Keywords: Carbon nanotube, boron carbide, composite materials, Taguchi Genechi, optimization Cite this Article Gowda Ashwin C, Girish P. Wear Characterization of Al/B4C/CNT Composites for Different Alloying Composition. Journal of Nanoscience, Nanoengineering and Applications. 2016; 6(2): 13–19p.
Structural and Photoluminescence Studies of Porous Anodic Alumina Templates Prepared using Different Electrolytes
The effect of different electrolytes on the structural and optical properties of porous anodic alumina (PAA) was investigated. PAA templates were synthesized using different electrolytes namely; oxalic, phosphoric, sulphuric and chromic acids maintained at two different temperatures, 18 and 27°C respectively. PAA templates were prepared using two-step anodization process in 0.3 M of sulphuric acid at 20 V, 0.3 M of oxalic acid at 40 V and 0.3 M of phosphoric acid at 90 V, and 0.3 M chromic acid at 50 V. Highly uniform hexagonal cell structure was obtained for the PAA templates synthesized using oxalic acid. It was found that the electrolyte temperature influenced the morphologies and regularities of PAA templates formed on aluminium substrate. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that PAA is in amorphous state. Photoluminescence (PL) analysis showed that a blue PL band occurs in the wavelength range of 350–550 nm. The experimental results indicated that the oxygen-related defect centers, F+ centers, are responsible for the photoluminescence of PAA templates. Among the different electrolytes used in our experiments, oxalic acid showed the highest peak in the emission spectra in PL. Keywords: Porous anodic alumina (PAA), anodization, scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) Cite this Article Suchitra SM, Ramana Reddy P, Aswathi P et al. Structural and Photoluminescence Studies of Porous Anodic Alumina Templates Prepared using Different Electrolytes. Journal of Nanoscience, Nanoengineering and Applications. 2016; 6(2): 20–24p.
Synthesis and Characterization of Terbium Doped Strontium Aluminate Nanophosphor
Luminescence investigations of Tb activated strontium aluminate phosphors prepared using the sol-gel method are described. The phosphor has been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction scanning electron microscope. Optical properties were studied by photoluminescence spectra. Photoluminescence studies of the prepared phosphors showed prominent IR emission, apart from near-band edge emission and green emission. Keywords: SrAl4O7, nanomaterial, sol-gel, photoluminescence, X-ray powder diffraction Cite this Article Jisha VT, Suresh G. Synthesis and Characterization of Terbium Doped Strontium Aluminate Nanophosphor. Journal of Nanoscience, Nanoengineering and Applications. 2016; 6(2): 25–28p.
SnO2 Nanoparticles: Preparation, Characterization and Humidity Sensor Application
The microwave-assisted synthesis method is used to prepare SnO2 nanoparticles for the application of humidity sensor, because of oxygen vacancy in the lattice. Microwave-assisted method is very simple, low cost and rapid heating method. Room temperature ionic liquids and tin source were used in the reaction as precursors. The obtained SnO2 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, particle size analyser, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope, and thermo gravimetric-differential thermal analyser. The humidity sensor application was investigated by digital electric meter. The SnO2 nanoparticles confirmation was done by XRD and the average crystallite size was 28 nm. The strong stretching bond observed at 880 cm-1 confirmed the nanoparticles formation. The weight loss of the material observed as 3.7%, infers the high stability of nanoparticles. The resistance value of the SnO2 nanoparticles decreases along with increasing of relative humidity; because of this reason, the sensitivity of the nanoparticles increased. Keywords: SnO2 nanomaterial, microwave-assisted method, XRD, FTIR, TGA, humidity sensor Cite this Article Ashok CH, Venkateswara Rao K, Shilpa Chakra CH, K Ganapathi Rao, N Sudheer Kumar. SnO2 Nanoparticles: Preparation, Characterization and Humidity Sensor Application. Journal of Nanoscience, Nanoengineering and Applications. 2016; 6(2): 29–35p.
Preparation and Characterization of Lanthanum Doped Calcium Aluminate Nanophosphor (CaAl2O4: La) by Sol-Gel Method
Abstract Lanthanum doped calcium aluminate nanophosphor (CaAl2O4: La) was prepared by sol-gel method. Characterizations such as XRD, SEM, EDAX and PL were done. Monoclinic structure was confirmed by the XRD analysis; the particle size was found to be 27 nm and is determined by (Williamson and Hall plot) W-H plot method. It shows that the particles were of small granular structure, and were interlinked with each other, lead to the formation of bigger particles. Also it is found that some irregular aggregations were formed in the image. PL emission was obtained at 390, 520, 790 nm corresponding to blue, green and IR region of the spectrum for 360 nm excitation. Keywords: XRD, SEM, EDAX, PL, W-H plot, sol-gel method
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticle using Leaves of Lawsonia inermis: Antibacterial, Antifungal and Anti-Oxidant Activity
Nanotechnology is one of the fastest developing sciences over the past few years. This is an emerging field of modern research dealing with synthesis and designing of particle structure ranging from approximately 1–100 nm. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known for their tremendous applications in the field of therapeutics and diagnosis. In the present study, we have confirmed that the antibacterial, antifungal and anti-oxidant activity of biosynthesized AgNPs which were synthesized by using the aqueous extract of Lawsonia inermis (Henna or Mehandi). The size and morphology of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was monitored by x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The leaves were found to be a reducing agent as well as a stabilizing agent. Antibacterial and antifungal activity was estimated by disc diffusion method, antioxidant activity of AgNPs was determined by DPPH and reducing power assay. This nanoparticle has shown balancing and inhibiting the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation scavenging free radicals. From the results, it was found that the biologically synthesized AgNPs have higher antifungal than antibacterial and also to have higher antioxidant activity. Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Lawsonia inermis, antibacterial, antifungal activity, anti-oxidant activity
Efficient Green Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles Using Murraya koenigii Leaf Extract
Green synthesis of nanoparticles by plant extract is at present under exploitation due to eco-friendly, non-toxic and inexpensive process. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized by ultrasound assisted sol-gel precipitation method using titanium tetra-isopropoxide as a precursor and Murraya koenigii leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The leaf extract was prepared under various solvent media such as ethanol and distilled water under controlled ultrasonication. Due to effective ultrasound, the extraction of chemical agents from Murraya koenigii leaf was in a large extent. The effect of various leaf extracts on size of TiO2 nanoparticles was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The nanoparticles prepared from ethanolic leaf extract were found to be smaller and spherical in shape (~2–15 nm) as compared to leaf extract prepared using water (~15–30 nm). Besides this, X-ray diffraction (XRD) study shows TiO2 of anatase form. Moreover, the band gap values of TiO2 nanoparticles were found to be 3.26 and 3.17 eV for ethanolic and water leaf extracts, respectively studied from PL spectra. The FT-IR spectra of TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit a prominent peak at 714 (Ti-O-Ti bond), 1642 (N-H) (O-H stretching). Keywords: Murraya koenigii leaf extract, sol-gel precipitation, ultrasonication, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, morphology, photoluminescence Cite this Article Shimpi Navinchandra G, Satyendra Mishra, Shirole Sharada D. Efficient Green Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles Using Murraya koenigii Leaf Extract. Journal of Nanoscience, Nanoengineering and Applications. 2016; 6(1):29-38.