Research & Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience
Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience (RRJoNS): is an international online Journal focused towards the rapid publication of fundamental research papers on all areas neurosciences. Focus and Scope Covers Behavioral & Cellular Neuroscience Clinical Neuroscience Computational & Molecular Neuroscience Neuroengineering Neuroimaging and Neuroinformatics Neurophysiology and Systems Neuroscience Cognitive Neuroscience
Declaration and Copyright Transfer Form (to be completed by authors) I/ We, the undersigned author(s) of the submitted manuscript, hereby declare, that the above manuscript which is submitted for publication in the STM Journals(s), is not published already in part or whole (except in the form of abstract) in any journal or magazine for private or public circulation, and, is not under consideration of publication elsewhere. · I/We will not withdraw the manuscript after 1 week of submission as I have read the Author Guidelines and will adhere to the guidelines. · I/We Author(s ) have niether given nor will give this manuscript elsewhere for publishing after submitting in STM Journal(s). · I/ We have read the original version of the manuscript and am/ are responsible for the thought contents embodied in it. The work dealt in the manuscript is my/ our own, and my/ our individual contribution to this work is significant enough to qualify for authorship. · I/We also agree to the authorship of the article in the following order: Author’s name 1. ________________ 2. ________________ 3. ________________ _______________ We Author(s) tick this box and would request you to consider it as our signature as we agree to the terms of this Copyright Notice, which will apply to this submission if and when it is published by this journal.
Physiotherapeutic Challenges in Treatment of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Review
Background: Lumbar spinal stenosis is one of the most common diseases in the elderly. It is characterized by narrowing of the spinal canal creating compression of the neural structures causing a constellation of symptoms that may include low back pain, lower extremity radiculopathy, neurogenic claudication, and gait impairment. LSS is the most frequent reason for spinal surgery in elderly people. But knowledge about the effectiveness, in particular of the conservative treatments, is scarce. There is some evidence that integrated intensive physiotherapy approach improves sign and symptoms in these patients. Thus, this study emphasizes to find out the role of physiotherapy in challenge with the management of Lumbar spinal stenosis. Aim and Objectives: The aim is to concise the view of various studies about the effect of integrated physiotherapy approach in lumbar spinal stenosis by reviewing the articles. Methodology: This is a review to illustrate outcome of comprehensive physiotherapeutic measures in lumbar spinal stenosis. Articles are collected from various databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, biomed, JAMA and by studying all these articles review are being made. Result and Conclusion: There is some evidence from the literature which suggest that integrated physiotherapeutic approach is much more beneficial in lumbar spinal stenosis in comparison with single therapeutic approach. Integrated physiotherapy approaches like exercises therapy, electro therapy & functional activity. Keywords: Exercise therapy, lumbar spinal stenosis, neurogenic claudication, electro therapy, core muscle strengthening Cite this Article Saurabh Kumar, Narkeesh A. Physiotherapeutic Challenges in Treatment of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis- A Review. Research and Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2017; 7(2): 6–12p.
Activity of Cannabinoids in Type II-Diabetes
The present research is a theoretical study of the medicinal use of Cannabis (cannabinoids) compounds in Type II Diabetes based on literature citing animal models and available clinical evidence from human studies. The study emphasizes the positive physiological actions and benefits of cannabinoid compounds in Type II Diabetes. The pharmacological activities of cannabinoid compounds in Type II Diabetes have been studies only in limited human clinical trials that were often not conducted as evidence-based (i.e., following the established rules of probability and scientific methodology). In the United States, the Federal Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) continues to classify all natural cannabinoid compounds as “Schedule 1” drugs (i.e., dangerous illegal narcotics on par with heroin or LSD). As a result of this classification as illegal, many human clinical studies of Cannabis compounds in medical therapy have been thwarted and continue to face a dearth of funding for research grants and drug development by the pharmaceutical houses, universities, and industry. The future looks bright, though, for Cannabis as a medication source as many states (including all the U.S. western states) have decriminalized the drug in legislation popularly known as “medical marijuana” or “recreational marijuana”. Cannabis compounds and derivatives hold strong promise to add to the pharmacopeia of medicines employed in human healthcare that would expand alternatives of medical treatment modes. Keywords: CBD, Delta9-THC, Type II Diabetes, anti-inflammatory activity, psychogenic effects Cite this Article Flaer P. Activity of Cannabinoids in Type II Diabetes. Research and Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2017; 7(2): 1–5p.
Effectiveness of Contract Relax Antagonist Contraction Technique and Muscle Energy Techniques to Improve Hamstring Muscles Flexibility in Collegiate Females
Background: Flexibility is an essential element of normal biomechanical functioning in daily life. The hamstring muscles are important to control the human movement and are thus involved in activities such as running, jumping and a range of postural actions. The hamstring muscle tightness produces decreased range of motion and reduced flexibility of the pelvis, hip and knee joints. Muscle stiffness of the lower extremities and the subsequent decrease in joint flexibility are considered major etiological factors in musculoskeletal injuries. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of contract relax antagonist contraction technique and muscle energy techniques to improve hamstring flexibility in collegiate females. Methods: A total of 60 subjects were included in the study, with 30 assigned to one of the two groups. The outcome measure was the hamstring muscle tightness, assessed with the execution of the Active Knee Extension test at pretreatment and posttreatment sessions. Participants in Group A were treated with Contract Relax Antagonist Contraction techniques, and in Group B were treated with Muscle Energy Techniques for three treatment sessions per week for three weeks. Paired and unpaired t-tests were used for both within and between-group comparisons. Results: The results revealed that both the groups had improvements in hamstring flexibility from pre- to posttreatment sessions (p<0.05). However, Group B showed larger improvements than Group A in improving the hamstring flexibility. Conclusions: The Muscle Energy Techniques appear to be more effective in increasing hamstring flexibility as compared to Contract Relax Antagonist Contraction. Keywords: Flexibility, Hamstring tightness, contract relax antagonist contraction, muscle energy technique, active knee extension test Cite this Article Gewali G, Bhattacharya U, Das L, et al. Effectiveness of Contract Relax Antagonist Contraction Technique and Muscle Energy Techniques to Improve Hamstring Muscles Flexibility in Collegiate Females. Research and Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2017; 7(2): 16–21p.
Selection of Cannula and Site-Back to Basics
Venepuncture is the most commonly invasive procedure in hospitals. Intravenous (IV) cannulation is the second most in procedure for patients in hospital. Today 85–95% of all hospitalised receive IV’s in one form or another. They are associated with a range of complications that can be damaging to patients’ health and increase healthcare costs. In order to minimise the risk of these complications, thorough patient assessment and careful selection of catheter and site are essential. Keywords: Venepuncture, intravenous (IV) cannulation, complications, assessment, selection of catheter Cite this Article Kaur H. Selection of Cannula and Site-Back to Basics. Research and Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2017; 7(2): 22–28p
Spinal Cord Compression Revealing a Spinal Osteochondroma
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>FR</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>JA</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning /> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents /> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps /> <w:UseFELayout /> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--" /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="276"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading" /> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} --> Osteochondroma is a frequent cartilaginous tumor in adult, but the spinal localization is uncommon. They can be solitary or multiple (enchondromatosis) in the context of familial disease (MAFFUCCI syndrome). We report the case of a 27-years-old patient, hospitalized for progressive paraplegia. Medical imaging evokes the ostéochondroma diagnosis of the 5th dorsal vertebra. The histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was spectacularly recovered after surgery. Keywords: Benign bone tumor, osteochondroma, spine, spinal cord compression Cite this Article Ennhaili Z, Dianka M, Ibahiouine K et al. Spinal Cord Compression Revealing A Spinal Osteochondroma. Research and Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2017; 7(2): 13–15p.
Patient Teaching for Cardiac Rehabilitation in Cardio Diabetes
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and are a significant contributor to morbidity and health-related costs. Coronary artery disease (CAD)—the most common type of CVDs—is considered as a chronic condition and, therefore, requires a careful medical management with multiple recommendations for patients to achieve optimal secondary prevention. As a consequence, patient education is a necessary step to promote patient understanding of the recommended therapies and behavior changes required, as well as to follow. Counseling and education can help him quit smoking, eat right, lose weight, and lower your blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Counseling may also help him learn to manage stress and to feel better about his health. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a comprehensive risk reduction program, of which patient education is considered a core component. Knowledge and understanding of home care management after myocardial infarction (MI) can be life saving. MI may occur as an isolated phenomenon or secondary to some causes. Creating awareness among the patients regarding CR minimizes the burden of disease and maximizes the survival rate. The nursing profession has an obligation to teach health practices that will help individuals to maintain good health. Hence it is the need of the hour to address this issue with an attitude of creating awareness to the patients who are in need of CR. Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases, coronary artery disease, behavior changes, counseling, cardiac rehabilitation Cite this Article Kaur H. Patient Teaching for Cardiac Rehabilitation in Cardio Diabetes. Research and Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2017; 7(2): 29–35p.
Concurrent PTSD Psychotherapy Through Multi-Personnel Virtual Reality Framework
Networked Virtual Environments (NEV) are sets of disjointed virtual worlds which are topographically set apart from the users yet connected through the communication network to give them the illusion of being in the same virtual location. NVEs are increasingly receiving consideration from business and research point of view. Contrasted with various sorts of possible applications, NVEs require a high responsiveness to ensure continuous streaming of live data for full immersion. As virtual reality has gained wide attention in therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which on a quantitative scales accounts for 20% of veterans returning from the war. Here, soldiers suffers from traumatic and extreme experience of violence where there attention and vigilance is constantly to to deal with unpredictable threats and an unprecedented number of loss of fellow soldiers. The idea here is to avail psychotherapy to the soldiers in multiple concurrent sessions with their fellow soldiers to cope up with the experience. It is as yet difficult to develop such applications since it require to create virtual reality framework over distributed databases; as every user needs locally adequate data flow to concurrently construct a scene as with other users and able to accommodate multi-user interactions in the virtual environment. Such information requires simultaneous computation and communication of streaming data. In this study we built up a prototype of a NVE in view of the blend of Minority Game (MG) and Online Induction Algorithm (OIA) with lossless transfer functions and perform a series of concurrent PTSD psychotherapy over multiple PTSD subjects. Keywords: PTSD psychotherapy, networked virtual environments, online learning, data stream control, adaptive networking Cite this Article Ankush Rai. Concurrent PTSD Psychotherapy Through Multi-Personnel Virtual Reality Framework. Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2017; 7(1): 22–26p.
The traditional “wonder drug” in pharmacology is aspirin, well known for its properties of pain control, lowering elevated body temperature, fighting inflammation, and decreasing blood coagulation. Aspirin, as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is a preventative drug as well as a therapeutic one. The Framingham heart study has concluded that a low dose aspirin regimen (81 mg/day) will help prevent cardiovascular disease and stroke. On the other hand, CBD (cannabidiol) may be designated the “wonder drug” of the future! CBD, a major extract of most strains of cannabis has a broad-spectrum of pharmacological properties including anxiolytic, anticompulsive, antipsychotic, neuroprotective, analgesic, anti-emetic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, and the lowering of intraocular pressure. CBD has potential applications in medical therapy for diverse conditions including anxiety-related disorders, psychogenic disorders, glaucoma, epilepsy, migraine headaches, Crohn’s disease, cancer chemotherapy, and HIV/AIDS. CBD is non-toxic and safe to most body systems whereas even moderate doses of aspirin can be ulcerative to the stomach and toxic to the kidneys. Keywords: Cannabidiol, CBD, cannabis, aspirin, anxiety disorders, OCD, aspirin Cite this Article Flaer Paul J. CBD: “Wonder Drug” of the Future. Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2017; 7(1): 1–5p.
Awareness and Practice of Folic Acid Intake for Neural Tube Defect Prevention at Antenatal Clinic in Rajamalwatta, Sri Lanka
Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) are common cause of morbidity and mortality among infants and neonates. Squeal of severe NTDs lead to lifelong physical, social, emotional and financial difficulties. Annually worldwide an estimated 300,000 or more babies are born with NTDs. Fortunately; a large number of NTDs are preventable. Several studies have shown that periconceptional use of Folic Acid (FA) has an effective role in the prevention of NTDs. The objective of our study was to assess awareness and practice of FA intake for prevention of NTDs. This cross-sectional study was done on pregnant women who seeking for antenatal care at Rajamalwatta antenatal clinic, Mattakuliya from 2012 August to 2013 December. A well validated questionnaire was administered to the subjects. Out of 261 women served; 81.22% heard about FA, but only 16.98% knew that FA prevent the NTDs. Knowledge was significantly associated with higher socio-economic status and higher education (p<0.005). A higher education level was correlated with the knowledge of FA benefits and correct time of FA in intake. Out of 44.81% of the total women took folic acid during pregnancy but 17.92% aware about folic acid intake during preconceptional is important. The most information sources on folate were healthcare workers (76.41%) and media is second most sources (15.09%). In conclusion, knowledge and practice about the benefits of this vitamin is inadequate, so healthcare plan to increase the knowledge and practice of folic acid by women is required. Keywords: Folic acids, Neural tube defects, Preconception Cite this Article Farzana MUZN, Yasir Khan M, Fahamiya N et al. Awareness and Practice of Folic Acid Intake for Neural Tube Defect Prevention at Antenatal Clinic in Rajamalwatta, Sri Lanka. Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2017; 7(1): 17–21p.
Managing Diabetes in The Hospital Setting: A Nurse–Patient Partnership
People with diabetes occupy up to 16% of hospital beds, and diabetes treatment consumes approximately 9% of hospital costs. Therefore, the nurses working in any hospital department will care for people with diabetes who have been admitted either for reasons directly connected to their diabetes or unrelated to it. Once diagnosed, diabetes is an inextricable part of a person’s life and must be taken into consideration along with their presenting condition. This is because diabetes control can be adversely affected by illness, stress and changes in food intake and activity level. Also, healing processes and well-being are promoted by normal blood glucose levels. Whatever the circumstances of a patient’s admission or attendance, the pursuit and maintenance of good diabetes control must always be a treatment goal. People with diabetes are admitted more frequently and stay in hospital for longer than those without. Extended hospital stays are often due to the fact that their diabetes is not attended to because it was not the original reason for admission. Practical aspects of care can also delay discharge - for example, if a change in diabetes treatment is not reflected in medications the person is given to take home, causing last-minute delays. Discharge planning needs to include diabetes-related issues. Keywords: Diabetes, illness, stress, healing processes, neuropathy Cite this Article Harvinder Kaur. Managing Diabetes in The Hospital Setting: A Nurse–Patient Partnership. Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2017; 7(1): 6–11p.
Cannabidiol (CBD): An Innovative Pharmacological Treatment For Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurring and repetitious thoughts coupled to anxiety characterized by obsessive thoughts and associated compulsive behavior(s). The OCD patient often fears that the anxiety will not abate and obsessional thoughts will control her/his mind or body in advocating or carrying out unwanted compulsive behaviors. Such thinking patterns or behaviors may often be frightening but usually they are quite harmless except when promoting accompanying anxiogenic activity. Confused thinking may be severe enough to cause functional impairments when obsessions or compulsions dominate mental status. In OCD, disrupted thoughts and actions may dominate the normal conduct of everyday tasks. Anxiety caused by obsessive thoughts is usually relieved by time-consuming and significant effort-requiring compulsive behaviors. Compulsive activities like diversionary counting, checking behavior (e.g., like repeatedly checking whether the stove is on or off), or excessive cleaning activity dominate the response to obsessive thoughts. Excessive hand washing (sometimes called the Pontius Pilot Syndrome) occurring as a compulsive behavior, not only relieves the causal obsession but serves as a “refresh button” (i.e., like that found on a computer)--clearing the mind of obsessions, compulsive urges, and extraneous thoughts. The major extracts of the Cannabis sativa plant are primarily delta9-THC (causing intoxication, psychosis, often anxiety) and secondarily the non-psychotomimetic compound Cannabidiol (CBD). Studies have found multiple therapeutic actions in the uses of CBD—with anxiolytic activities (i.e., opposing the anxiogenic actions of delta9-THC), anti-psychotic activities, and lessening of the compulsions that occur with OCD and other psychiatric conditions. Keywords: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Cannabidiol (CBD), “Anxiety-Related” Disorders
Effectiveness of Dry Needling on Release of Myofascial Trigger Points in Acute Piriformis Syndrome: A Case Report
Piriformis syndrome (PS) is a peripheral neuritis of the sciatic nerve caused by trauma or increased muscle demands on the piriformis. The aim of this case report was to determine the effectiveness of DN for the release of trigger points in a patient with acute PS. The case was a 27 year old male presented with a history of left buttock pain since 10 days. The patient received one session of DN along with cold pack and mild stretching of piriformis muscle. Outcome measures such as pain, was measured by visual analog scale (VAS) and hip abduction as well as internal rotation was measured by universal goniometer. All the measurements were performed before the session, immediately and 15 min after the end of DN and other treatment. Results revealed an immediate improvement in VAS scores and hip abduction and internal rotation ROM. The present case study concluded that single session of DN along with mild stretching and cold pack is effective in releasing myofascial trigger point in acute PS patient. Keywords: Intramuscular manual therapy, buttock pain, low back pain, neuropathy Cite this Article Manisha Uttam, Harshita Yadav. Effectiveness of Dry Needling on Release of Myofascial Trigger Points in Acute Piriformis Syndrome: A Case Report. Research and Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2016; 6(3): 1–4p.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Marijuana
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has both negative and positive attributes. Those with OCD find themselves genetically endowed with traits that will help them succeed in life-- creativity, a sense of detail/symmetry, tenacious motivation, and a propensity for achievement in the arts, writing, and education. Without one major caveat though, OCD would be a strong quality for general success--the life of one with OCD may be overly complex and mentally tortuous. In this condition, 24/7, the patient with OCD is in an almost constant battle with frustrating obsessive thoughts (bringing on anxiety, guilt, or depressive moods).The other side of the OCD coin is dealing with not only the onerous obsessions themselves but the actions of subsequent behavioral compulsions. Obsessive thoughts bring on compulsive activities in the form of hand washing, counting for distraction, and/or checking behaviors (e.g., repeatedly checking the door locks or seeing if anyone left the stove burner on). Cannabis/marijuana contains high concentrations of two primary substances: delta 9-THC and CBD. Delta 9-THC is responsible for the intoxication and euphoria usually associated with marijuana. On the contrary, cannabidiol (CBD), making up to 40% of the contents of some strains of marijuana, acts as a virtual antagonist to delta 9-THC. Furthermore, CBD is not intoxicating and therapeutically suppresses compulsive activity in OCD. The pharmacological actions of CBD may bring about OCD remission or lives with a less debilitating form of the disorder. Keywords: Obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorders, marijuana, cannabis, cannabidiol (CBD), delta 9-THC Cite this Article Flaer P, AlRubaie M. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Marijuana. Research and Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2016; 6(3): 31–35p.
Quality of Life and Economical Burden on Caregivers of Patients with Brain Tumor
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Family caregivers of brain tumor patients face many challenges which impact their quality of life and well-being and also causing burden to them economically. Whether challenged physically, emotionally, socially or spiritually, distress in one area may compound challenges in other areas. Caregiving affects a caregiver’s work and family financials, such as balancing a job and providing care to family members. A study was conducted to evaluate the quality of life and economical burden of brain tumor caregivers. 50 caregivers of patients who were diagnosed with brain tumor in Neurosurgical department of PGIMER, Hospital Chandigarh participated in the study. Data were collected by using a demographical proforma and quality of life Index - Cancer scale (CQOLC) was used to assess the quality of life of caregivers of brain tumor and to measure the financial burden of caring for an cancer patient, the financial cost dimension of the Cost of Care Index was used. It was determined that the majority of caregivers were young and male. Almost all the participants had life quality of life lower than normal with mean of 88.9±10.6. 30% of the family caregivers agreed that caregiving for the care receiver was causing them to dip into savings. Again, 15% of the family caregivers indicated that they and their families could not afford those little extras because of the expenses to care for the care receiver. Over a one third (35%) indicated that their family or they had to give up necessities because of the expense to provide care. Another 20% of the caregivers indicated that caring for the care receiver was too expensive. Keywords: Brain tumor, caregivers, financial distress, quality of life Cite this Article Maninder deep kaur, Manisha Nagi, Ashok Kumar et al. Quality of Life and Economical Burden on Caregivers of Patients with Brain Tumor. Research and Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2016; 6(3): 15–21p. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:DoNotShowComments /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-IN</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val=" " /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading" /> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} -->
Entropy Analysis of EEG between Alcoholic and Control Subjects during Visual Stimulus Perception
The purpose of this paper is to examine the variation in the EEG signal recorded from a group of individual, who were subjected under the effect of alcoholism while comparing them to non-alcoholic or controlled state. For the purpose, EEG from individuals was processed while subjects were perceiving visual picture stimulus from Snodgrass and Vanderwart picture set. A total of 10 trials for each subject have been considered in matched/non-matched condition of picture stimuli. Interestingly, the frontal lobe of the brain has been found to be responsible for instantaneous response against visual stimulus, for the sake of the same, two electrode positions namely Fp1 and Fp2 have been considered for the study. Entropy analyses such as approximate entropy and spectral entropy have been extracted to understand the underlying responses of randomness of the signal due to instantaneous responses from alcoholic/non-alcoholic subjects. Results obtained after proper signal conditioning and feature extraction have shown promising evidences in recorded responses of alcoholics whose values significantly decrease from that of non-alcoholic/control person. Hence, it may be inferred that entropy study may be used for discrimination of subjects under the effect of alcoholism or any other internal/external environmental changes. Keywords: Approximate entropy, EEG, ERP, spectral entropy, visual stimulus Cite this Article Materpal Jakhar, Puneet Mishra, Sunil Singla. Entropy Analysis of EEG between Alcoholic and Control Subjects during Visual Stimulus Perception. Research and Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2016; 6(3): 5–14p.
Non-compliance to Antiepileptic Drugs in Tertiary Hospital: Factors and Outcomes
Background: Epilepsy is a neurological disease characterized by epileptic seizures. As epilepsy is a treatable disease and antiepileptic drugs are used to treat epilepsy which demand strict adherence to the drug regimen. Objective: To identify the factors affecting non-compliance to antiepileptic drugs and to assess their outcomes among patients with Epilepsy attending Neurology OPD at tertiary care centre in Northern India. Material and Methods: It was a descriptive study and included 191 epileptic patients. Sampling technique was total enumeration and included all subjects willing to participate and between the age of 15–45 years A written informed consent from the patients was taken. Institutional ethical clearance was obtained. Moriskey medication adherence scale was used to differentiate compliant and non-compliant patients and a self-structured interview schedule was used for assessing the factors affecting non-compliance to antiepileptic drugs and to assess their outcomes. Results: The mean age of the patients was (in years) 28.72±11.57 ranged between 13–65 years. Out of total subjects, 100 were non-compliant to antiepileptic drugs. Majority of them reported longer waiting duration (93%) and skipping of drugs due to event of forgetfulness (81%). More than two third (78%) had more fluctuation in health because of the treatment. More than one tenth of them had always experienced increased economic burden (15%). Conclusion: As adherence to the antiepileptic treatment is only the source to cure this disease and to improve the quality of life, it becomes immensely vital for health care personnel to encourage patients and their caregivers to be compliant to the treatment so that these patients can lead a better life with a reduction in disease burden globally. Keywords: Antiepileptic drugs, epilepsy, factors, non-compliance, outcomes Cite this Article Latika Bajaj, Ankita Sandal, Neha Kumari et al. Non-compliance to Antiepileptic Drugs in Tertiary Hospital: Factors and Outcomes. Research and Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2016; 6(3): 22–30p.
A Comparative Study to See The Effect of Mobilization with Movement and Scapular Mobilization to Reduce Pain and to Improve Gleno-Humeral Range of Motion in Adhesive Capsulitis of Shoulder
Background: Adhesive capsulitis is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in your shoulder joint. Signs and symptoms typically begin gradually, worsen over time and then resolve, usually within one to three years. A total number of 50 subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study, consent was obtained from them. They were divided into two groups conveniently as Group A (MWM) and Group B (SM) with 25 subjects in each group. Hot pack and pendulum exercise were given for both the groups. Pre and post treatment measurements were taken on Day 0 and Day 21 by using SPADI pain subscale(%) for measuring pain and gleno-humeral active flexion and external rotation range of motion by a standard goniometer for both group A and group B subjects. The data were recorded and statistically analyzed using PASW version 21.0. An alpha level of 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. Results: The SPADI pain subscale score (%) and GH-AROM across pre-intervention and post-intervention showed a significant improvement statistically in their mean scores within Group A and Group B (p= 0.000). Statistically significant greater change in score were found in MWM (Group A) for AROM (Flexion and ER) and SPADI pain score (%) as compared to SM (Group B) [p value= 0.000]. Conclusion: This study shows that MWM and SM both are effective in reducing pain and improving flexion and external rotation range of motion in adhesive capsulitis of shoulder. But when compare both the techniques MWM is more effective than SM in 3 weeks. Keywords: Adhesive capsulitis, mobilization with movement, scapular mobilization, SPADI, AROM, hot packs, pendulum exercise, goniometer Cite this Article Bhatri Pratim Dowarah, Lipika Boruah. A Comparative Study to See The Effect of Mobilization with Movement and Scapular Mobilization to Reduce Pain and to Improve Gleno-Humeral Range of Motion in Adhesive Capsulitis of Shoulder. Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2016; 6(2): 11–18p.
Neuroscience is the technical study of the nervous system. By tradition, neuroscience is acknowledged as a branch of biology. However, it is presently an interdisciplinary science that collaborates with other fields such as chemistry, cognitive science, computer science, engineering, linguistics, mathematics, medicine (including neurology), genetics, and allied disciplines including philosophy, physics, and psychology. It likewise wields an influence on other fields, such as neuroeducation, neuroethics, and neurolaw. The medical term neurobiology is often used with neuroscience, even though the former refers unambiguously to the biology of the nervous system, whereas the latter mentions to the entire science of the nervous system, including elements of psychology as well as the wholly physical sciences.
Level of Adherence to Hypertension Treatment Using Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg over a sustained period, based on the average of two or more blood pressure measurements taken in two or more contacts with the health care provider after initial screening. Hypertension treatment is many sided, requiring enduring adherence for anti-hypertension medications and lifestyle instructions as well. Lots of factors affect patient’s adherence to hypertensive treatment. The objective of this study was to assess adherence with hypertension treatment using morisky medication adherence scale. Institution based cross sectional study was conducted. Simple random sampling techniques were employed to select 361 participants and pre-tested structured questionnaire was utilized to collect data. Both data entry and analysis were managed using Epidata3.1 and SPSS version 16 respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors affecting adherence to antihypertensive treatment. The study found out that 30.5% of patients were adherent to anti-hypertensive medications and 34.6% were adherent in making lifestyle modifications. Factors significantly associated with treatment adherence were Educational level of the respondent [OR=5.237(1.262, 21.738)], sex of the respondent [AOR= 0.318 (0.155, 0.653)], duration on treatment [AOR= 4.012(1.767, 9.108)], Source for treatment expenses[AOR= 0.554 ( 0.246 1.245)],history of hospital admission[AOR=0.134 (0.052,0.349)], perception on health related factors [AOR= 2.588(1.201, 5.579)], evidence of Co morbidity [AOR= 0.211(0.086,0.52)]. In this study, Adherence to antihypertensive medication and lifestyle instructions was only reported by 30.5% and 24.8% of patients respectively. The results from the current study can be utilized to pinpoint the factors that are contributing to poor treatment adherence among patients at governmental hospitals in Mekelle and to educate them about proper management of hypertension. Keywords: Hypertension, adherence, blood pressure, compliance Cite this Article Fiseha Girma, Solomon Emishaw, Kahsu G/Kirstos et al. Level of Adherence to Hypertension Treatment Using Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, Mekelle, Ethiopia. Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2016; 6(2): 1–10p.
Mental Health: An Integral Approach with Primary Health Care
WHO defines health as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. But often mental health care is denied for many reasons. One of the many reason is social stigma attached with psychiatric hospital and other thing is non availability of psychiatric hospitals in small town. The solution for this problem is integration of mental health care in to primary health care. Benefits are significant. On one hand, integration ensures that the population as a whole has access to the mental healthcare that they need early in the course of disorders without disruption. On the other hand, when people receive treatment in primary healthcare facilities the likelihood of better health outcomes, and even full recovery, as well as maintained social integration is increased. This article focus on the various aspects of integration such as its significance in India, principle for successful integration, process of integration including steps and challenges to overcome. Keywords: Mental health care, primary health care, integration Cite this Article Kavitha B. Mental Health: An Integral Approach with Primary Health Care. Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2016; 6(2): 24–28p.
A Review of Psychoendocrine Morbidity: Co-occurring Diabetes Type-II (DIAII), Bipolar II Disorder (BPII), and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
The acute phase of (Bipolar II Disorder) BPII encompasses a psychosis of dramatic mood changes and elevated energy levels often accompanied by co-occurring psychiatric and systemic disorders. The co-occurring disorders (i.e., BPII, DIAII, and OCD) are accentuated, most often by the metabolic imbalances of (Diabetes Type-II) DIAII and sometimes by the psychiatric condition of (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) OCD. Increased morbidity and mortality ofthe co-occurring disorders dominates the chronic course of BPII. Mortality rates from all medical etiologies are augmented by the presence of BPII with DIAII especially from cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, and lipid disorders. Recent evidence has revealed changes in brain structure are associated with psychiatric disorders comorbid with DIAII. As the result of the association of changes in brain structure and systemic metabolism, BPII, OCD, and DIAII may be characterized as biological disorders. Keywords: Diabetes, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, morbidity, mortality Cite this Article P. Flaer, S. Badri. A Review of Psychoendocrine Morbidity: Co-occurring Diabetes Type-II (DIAII), Bipolar II Disorder (BPII), and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2016; 6(2): 19–23p.
Music Based Remediation Therapy as an Adjunct to Conventional Physiotherapy Treatment for Primary and Secondary Impairments in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke: A Systematic Review
Stroke is a second leading cause of death and major cause of long term disability whereas traumatic brain injury being a disabling health condition. Music therapy is a therapeutic application of music to cognitive, behaviour, sensory and motor dysfunction. To examine the effects of music therapy as an adjunct intervention with conventional treatment versus conventional treatment alone and other therapies on cognition, behaviour, upper extremity function, fine motor skills and activities of daily living. We have searched in major indexing cites like PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Ovid SP, DOAJ, Scopus, and Pedro. We had searched in music therapy journals and references databases. Three review authors independently assessed the methodological quality and extracted the data. We have presented the result using ‘F value’ and ‘P value’ as all the outcome measures is measured by respective scales. We included 11 studies (469 participants). The results suggested that the music therapy had shown its effect in improving several outcomes as fine motor control, cognition (verbal memory, focused attention), depression, kinematic parameters such as upper extremity function. There was insufficient data to examine the effects of music therapy on other outcome measures. Music therapy is beneficial for some of cognitive and behavioral domains as well as for physical outcome upper extremity with fine motor skills. Some more evidence is needed for further analysis of the effects of the music therapy on other outcome measure in patients with TBI and stroke as well as to bring out the same in clinical practice. Keywords: CVA, neurological music therapy, head injury Cite this Article M. Uttam, H. Yadav, D. Midha. Music based remediation therapy as an adjunct to conventional physiotherapy treatment for primary and secondary impairments in patients with traumatic brain injury and stroke- a systematic review. Research and Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2016; 6(1): 1–9p.
Research and Industrial Insight: Neuroscience
Neuroscience is the scientific learning of the nervous system. Conventionally, neuroscience has been seen as a subdivision of biology. However, it is presently an interdisciplinary science that in partnership with other fields such as chemistry, cognitive science, computer science, engineering, linguistics, mathematics, medicine (including neurology), genetics, and allied disciplines accounting with philosophy, physics, and psychology. It influence on other fields, such as neuroeducation, neuroethics, and neurolaw. The term neurobiology is customarily used interchangeably with the term neuroscience, albeit the former refers concretely to the biology of the nervous system, whereas the latter refers to the entire science of the nervous system. The probability of neuroscience has expanded up to include the different methodologies used to study and understand the molecular, cellular, developmental, structural, functional, evolutionary, computational, and medical characteristics of the nervous system. The techniques or practices used by the neuroscientists have also prolonged immensely, from molecular and cellular studies of individual nerve cells to imaging of sensory and motor chores in the brain. Recent theoretical advances in neuroscience have withal been availed by the study of neural networks. As a result of the incrementing number of scientists who study the nervous system, several prominent neuroscience organizations have been composed to provide a forum to all neuroscientists and educators. For example, the International Brain Research Organization was founded in 1960, the International Society for Neurochemistry in 1963, the European Brain and Comportment Society in 1968, and the Society for Neuroscience in 1969.
Level of Stress and Associated Factors among Nursing Students
Stress has been identified as a 20th century disorder and has been viewed as a dynamic transaction between individuals and their environment. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at a nursing college of a North Indian city to assess the level of stress and factors associated with stress among nursing students. The data was collected by using perceived stress scale and self-structured checklist on the stress factors for assessing the level of stress and factors associated with stress respectively among 150 nursing students of a nursing college. The collected data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The result revealed that the majority of students were having moderate level of stress, i.e., 85.3%. Only some of the students were having high level of stress, i.e., 3.3%. Nearly half (45%) of students were stressed with personal factor followed by academic factor, i.e., 24.5% stress educational programs can be conducted for nursing personnel in the hospitals and nursing college’s which will help in the reduction of stress and adoption of healthy coping strategies. The research study concluded that nursing students have a moderate level of stress and personal factors were the main reason of their stress. Keywords: Stress, nursing college and students, academic factor, educational programs Cite this Article Kaur D. Level of Stress and Associated Factors among Nursing Students. Research and Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2016; 6(1): 18–23p.
Diagnostic and Treatment Factors in the Relationship of Co-occurring Bipolar Disorder and Diabetes
From an epidemiological standpoint, bipolar disorder and diabetes (Type II diabetes mellitus) exhibits high prevalence and universal distribution, found in men and women of all ages, races, ethnicities, cultures, and socioeconomic groups. Bipolar disorder and diabetes often present as co-occurring medical conditions along with characteristic metabolic, neurochemical, and neuroanatomical changes. The co-occurring conditions are associated with the increased morbidity, chronicity, lower treatment response, and premature mortality. Risk factors for these co-occurring conditions include increased prevalence of negative lifestyle behaviors such as unhealthy diet/obesity, inactivity/lack of exercise, smoking, and poor medical compliance. Bipolar disorder co-occurring with diabetes is the focus of this review of their relationships and interactive symptomology. Keywords: Bipolar disorder, diabetes, metabolism, behavior Cite this Article Flaer P., Badri S. Diagnostic and Treatment Factors in the Relationship of Co-occurring Bipolar Disorder and Diabetes. Research and Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2016; 6(1): 24–30p.